Definition and Examples of Exonyms and Endonyms

Definition and Examples of Exonyms and Endonyms An exonym is a spot nameâ that isnt utilized by the individuals who live in that place however that is utilized by others. Likewise spelledâ xenonym. Paul Woodman has characterized exonym as a toponym offered all things considered, and in a language all things considered (in Exonyms and the International Standardization of Geographical Names, 2007). For model, Warsaw is the English exonym forâ the capital of Poland, which the Polish individuals call Warszawa. Vienna is the English exonym for the German and Austrian Wien. In contrast,â aâ locally utilized toponym-that is, aâ name utilized by a gathering of individuals to allude to themselves orâ their area (instead of a name given to them by others)- is called an endonym (or autonym). For example, Kà ¶ln is a German endonym while Cologne is the English exonym for Kà ¶ln. Analysis Europes second-longest waterway is the Danubethe English exonym for Donau (in German), Dunaj (in Slovak), and Duna (in Hungarian).Berber derives from a definitive exonymâ (i.e. a name given by pariahs): the Greek word barbaroi, which mirrored the strangeness of a language byâ rendering it as something much the same as yakkity yak. From it, we get brute, just as Barbary (as in Barbary Coast, Barbary Pirates, and Barbary primates). In current use, numerous exonyms can be viewed as unfeeling (Gypsy, Lapp, Hottentot) and inclination is given to the endonym (Roma, Saami, Khoi-San).(Frank Jacobs, All Hail Azawad. The New York Times, April 10, 2012) [T]he English language exonym Mecca has been demonstrated to be unsatisfactory to numerous Arab specialists, who are awkward with any modification to the toponym of the sacred spot Makkah.(Paul Woodman, Exonyms: A Structural Classification and a Fresh Approach, in Exonyms and the International Standardization of Geographical Names, ed. by Adami Jordan, et al. LIT Verlag, 2007) Explanations behind the Existence of Exonyms - There are three principle purposes behind the presence of exonyms. The first is chronicled. Much of the time, pioneers, ignorant of existing spot names, or colonizers and military winners unaware of them, gave names in their own dialects to geological highlights having local names...The second explanation behind exonyms comes from issues of pronunciation...There is a third explanation. On the off chance that a land highlight reaches out over more than one nation it might have an alternate name in each. (Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy-Theory, and Practice of Geographical Names, in Basic Cartography for Students and Technicians, ed. by R. W. Anson, et al. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996)-  English utilizes moderately not many exonyms for European urban communities, particularly ones it has thought of all alone ( not obtained); this might be clarified by geographic segregation. This could likewise clarify the low number of exonyms that different dialects use for English urban communities. (Jarno Raukko, A Linguistic Classification of Eponyms, in Exonyms, ed. by Adami Jordan, et al. 2007) Toponyms, Endonyms, and Exonyms - For aâ toponymâ to be characterized as anâ exonym, there must exist a base level of contrast among it and the correspondingâ endonym... The oversight of diacritical stamps for the most part doesn't transform an endonym into an exonym: Sao Paulo (for So Paulo); Malaga (for Mlaga) or Amman (for Ê ¿AmmÄ n) are not considered exonyms. (Joined Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Manual for the National Standardization of Geographical Names. Joined Nations Publications, 2006)- If a significant topographic component is found or contained totally inside a solitary nation, most great world chart books and maps print theâ endonymâ as the essential name, with the interpretation or transformation into the language of the map book either in sections or in littler sort. On the off chance that an element rises above political limits, and particularly in the event that it conveys various names in the various nations, or in the event that it lies outside the regional waters of any one nation exonymisation or interpretation into the objective language of the chart book or guide is quite often depended on. (Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy-Theory, and Practice of Geographical Names, in Basic Cartography for Students and Technicians, altered by R. W. Anson, et al. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996) Further Reading Name Thatâ -nymNationality WordOnomasticsProper Name