Failure In Small Business Essay

It is actually a fact that only about 53% of small businesses are not able to keep on trading after three years after their preliminary set up. Some of the businesses fail within their first year of operation. There are so many reasons why this tends to happen. However, business failure does not only happen with the new businesses but it also happen to those businesses which have been in operation for quite some time regardless of how successful they tend to be. Even if business failure happens to all sizes of businesses, the small businesses are very much affected by larger threats for the reason that they do not have the support of additional money as well as resources that the big companies have. Business failure does not only come about through the problems experienced in your own company, they can as well be achieved as a subsidiary effect from dealings made by other businesses, clients and suppliers. It is very necessary for one to identify the premature signs of business failure in order to solve the problem before it is too late (Dwight, 1993). Finally, the business failure comes about when the business has gone beyond a point where it can not continue operating in business any long without encountering supplementary troubles. These troubles might not offer any feasible solutions and for one to go ahead in trading, he or she has to put him or her self in even deeper problems. When the business has reached this point, it is very important for one to acknowledge the business failure early or else he or she will face increased financial as well as legal troubles when trying to save his or her business or he can even go further and put his business to rest. There so many causes of business failure. So many businesses fail because several managers do not incorporate accounting as well as accounting practices to a practical level in their business. Despite the fact that they don’t posses all the accounting knowledge, they really suffer from the lack of financial control together with the problems concerning the cash flow which leads to business failure. If one has a weak accountancy expertise, he is likely to employ a very knowledgeable bookkeeper to manage the financial records on a regular basis. It is very important for one to have somebody who can comprehend the monetary accounts plus the management accounts. Before starting up the business one is supposed to find some time to learn the financial management skills (Claire, 1998). Lack of funds is also another cause of business failure. If one finds out that he does not have enough capital to start up the business, he is supposed to wait until the time when he has saved enough money he needs before starting up a business. If one risks and starts up a business without enough capital then the fellow is destined for business failure. Lack of funds usually leads to too much borrowing and as a result, the business becomes insolvent for the reason that the liabilities becomes too high than the assets. Bankruptcy is a very common result as in it has a cycle of poor management. Lack of funds can also come through competition. As much as the business is offering competitive prices, the business will end up making little profit margin hence it will be too difficult to fund other areas within the business. High costs of finance is another cause of business failure because it can be so disastrous as soaring interest rates as well as unfavorable compensation schedules are so much ignored due to the difficulty of financing the business (John, 1994). As a matter of fact, it is very necessary for one to manage his or her finance with a very keen concern towards interest as well as repayment schedules in order to avoid the business becoming insolvent in the early moments. The collection of data is rather a frustrating process. One needs to persuade the potential data providers to take part. One has to convince them about the value of the information to the business. I provided the incentives for sources to participate such as the clean copy of the eventual database of the relative data to the rest of the database. Eventually I drew a data table in the business notebook to help during the collection of data. A data table ensured that the business is consistent in recording data and it makes it easier to analyze the results of the business. The techniques which were used during the collection of data are data mining techniques. I sorted from large amounts of data and picked out the information because it is the analytic process which is desired to discover data (Claire, 1998). It is expected that all the business persons must have a clear understanding of the failure points in future. Another outcome is that all the business persons must stay in business successfully by not selling cheap products or service. He is not intending to impress the customers but all business persons are supposed to make people feel that they are not getting ripped off. In future all business persons must learn to begin businesses with enough capital. The business person must always learn to hire more staff when there is too much work to be done. They are not supposed to get behind on the work or else the clients will not feel happy. The business is intending to get sufficient operating funds. The business will require the costs of starting and the costs of staying the business in operation. Enough funds are needed in order to cover all the costs until sales can finally pay for these costs. However, all the funds will be borrowed from the bank which will be repayable after the business picks up. References Claire, W. (1998). Risky Business: The Personal and Financial Costs of Small Business Failure. California: Policy Studies Institute. Dwight, R. (1993). Failure and Progress. New Mexico: Cato Institute. John, L. (1984). Success and Failure in Small Business. New York: Gower Publishing Company. John, H. (1991). Measurement of Success and Failure in Small Business. Washington: Curtin University of Technology. John, E. (1963). Small Business Instability and Failure. Alabama: Bureau of Business Research.

Designing an Office Space Essay

Designing a new office space for a law firm requires careful consideration and planning. Not only must the space be esthetically pleasing, but must function well for those who work within it. In addition, there are many other considerations that must be addressed. Among them are what type of space to choose, budgetary constraints, room for expansion, and technology. CHOOSING A SPACE The old adage in real estate goes â€Å"location, location, location.† This also holds true when considering a space for your firm. In our fact pattern the supervising attorney has two choices. The first is a shared space with five other solo practitioners. The second is a suite of offices that are located adjacent to a mid-sized firm. I would recommend to the supervising attorney that we choose the suite of offices. We would be given the opportunity and space to expand as our firm grows. Also, by locating ourselves adjacent to a mid-sized firm, we position ourselves to appear as a larger firm than what we are. This can help to create a positive first impression the first time clients visit the office. If we were to position ourselves within an office with five other practitioners, it would be less apparent to clients that we were running our own firm. BUDGETARY CONCERNS Although leasing as individual office space is often more expensive than sharing space with other attorney’s, I believe the firm would benefit from having its own space for several reasons. Image, along with reputation, is a key factor when a client chooses a firm. We want to convey to clients that we are a successful firm and having our own space will help to convey that. Also, sharing an office space with attorneys who practice other areas of law could lead to an uncomfortable environment or situation for our clients. A woman coming to see her divorce attorney may feel uncomfortable sharing a waiting room with a man, possibly charged with a violent crime, waiting to see his criminal defense attorney. EXPANSION PLANS By selecting to lease a suite of offices to use rather than a shared space, we afford ourselves the opportunity and space to expand. As the firm grows and takes on additional partners, we will need to increase our office space to accommodate both the attorney as well as support staff. Below is a sample layout for a sole practitioner law firm that I have designed with expansion in mind. When the time comes to expand, we can take over the adjacent office to create a space that closely mirrors the original space. By utilizing a single hallway between offices we increase efficiency and when we expand we can create a horseshoe shaped walk way within the office. AMENITIES The space will have many features and amenities that will enhance the client experience while increasing productivity. The reception area will have multiple seating areas. Large, oversized sofas will provide a comfortable place for clients to wait until they are seen. Small coffee tables will be available for clients to use to work from. A small buffet with coffee, tea, and pastries will be available for clients to enjoy. Each of these things will provide a positive first impression for the client as well as a comfortable experience. Both the attorney as well as the legal assistant will have private offices which will be adjacent to each other. This provides a way for them to communicate effectively as well as collaborate on cases as needed. The attorney’s office shall be sufficiently large enough to house reference materials and books in large custom bookshelves. The legal assistant’s office will also have bookshelves as well as file cabinets for storage. Attorneys will have a small room designated strictly for meeting with clients. This allows the attorney to meet with a client outside of their personal workspace. The client meeting room will feature a table that seats six people comfortably. Since one of our areas of practice is family law, the room will have a small armoire in which children’s toys can be stored for times when the client brings small children with them. A large conference room will be created for depositions and general meetings. It will have a large table capable of seating at least ten people. There will also be additional room available for a court reporter to record depositions. The conference room will be located across the hall for convenience to both the attorney and legal assistant. Additionally, the office will have several rooms dedicated to specific functions. There will be a copy room with an adjacent supply room. The copy room will house a copier as well as a fax and scanner. Locating the supply room adjacent to the copy room will create easy access for copy room supplies. A large break room with kitchen will allow the firm to have an area for caterers to set up in if we are having a large function. It will also serve as a lunch area or break room for staff. An I.T. room will house all of our computer servers as well as central phone equipment. The office will also have a large room dedicated to file storage. Inside the file storage room we will utilize fire resistant file cabinets to protect records. TECHNOLOGY Part of conveying a positive and successful image to clients will be the use of the latest available technologies within the office. The firm will adopt software that allows for cloud computing. This will allow both the attorney and the legal assistant to access information from both inside the office as well as outside. Wi-Fi will be provided in the office to facilitate the use of iPads and laptops. This will allow staff to take their laptop or iPad room to room during the course of their workday as they move from case to case. CONCLUSION Every decision that is made in the planning stages of designing a firm’s office layout can have both good and bad consequences. It is extremely important to give careful thought to how the space is laid out and how those who work in the space will utilize it. It is my belief that the plans laid out above would provide a way to achieve the firms goals of putting forth a positive and successful image, provide a path to expansion, as well as provide a space that will maximize efficiency and productivity. REFERENCES Roper, B.D. (2006). Practical Law Office Management. New York, NY: Thompson Delmar Learning.

Structured society relies on people knowing how to survive in Western Civilization

Structured society relies on people knowing how to survive, and also how to survive with others. According to Owen, (1997), there exist the general skeleton of the social order which is so well distinct, planned, and planned that there’s room for personal freedom and creativity within the organization. In structured society, people works while every individual knowing his duty, for example if the society is structured, socially politically and economically. There need to be law and order hence need for specialization, this reduces conflict in terms of role assignment. The specialization is known to be the major drive for civilization. When mixed with division of labor, specialization allows for maintenance of law and order. In such societies duties and responsibilities are stated, for example in political structure we have the roles of the president affirmed and written in the constitution therefore one has guidelines to abide with. The leader has to have subject to rule, it’s not possible to have rulers if you have no people to rule, hence need for structured society whereby people are civilized and are able to live together in harmony. Law and order is very vital in such societies (Owen, 1997). Christiano (2004) observes that when we live within the law, we share in the common good which helps all, and provides for a better world to grow and live in. But In Aristotelian scholasticism, ethics which are the basis for law are understood to mean the science for good life (Barford, 1996). In the same context, man is regarded as rational animal and therefore able to act in accordance with the right reason and also able to act justly and courageous. As members of the society, we are supposed to come together and advance based on the laws of the society we live in. Reilly (2000) thinks that liberty was necessary for revolution only when used like a guiding rule, he emphasized that independence of each person must be respected. However, according to him total freedom for all cannot exist as a basis of the society. For one person to have entirely autonomy over another person, the other person will have to give up their freedom to allow the former to survive. When people move from their tribal clique, races to join new people in the working places for example town, they are said to undergo civilization which is a slow process which started long time ago more than 5000 years ago (Jessop, 1998). Civilization brings positive competition where everyone will do his best to be on the top of other ladder, sparkle. Civilized People are able to live together irrespective of their social background; it has increased trust between individuals to an extent that people are able to collect each other whenever a neighbor go astray, therefore togetherness in the community. Natural law is viewed by many philosophers as the instrument used in the exploration of gods will. As Martin, (1999) explains, natural law is different from theology, in that it does not rely fully on supernatural law or revealed sources but on empirical evidence concerning human existence and nature. Natural law is a source of social norm in the society. It provides the basis for moral system in different religious group. According to Owen (1997), in whatever setting of the society and religion, all share the common frame work of natural law. Looking at the process of absorbing social norm, members of a society utilize socialization and education to distinguish between the good and the evil. Social norms are based on human nature and are important convections required to achieve social stability. The major objective of natural law is to make or sustain socially valued roles for people in their society, in case where an individual holds valued social roles, one is highly likely to receive in return those good things in life that are obtainable in that society hence the society always a way of paying those people who adhere to its norms. In additional all sorts valued things that other people are able to pass on are almost involuntarily accorded to a person who holds societal appreciated roles, at least within the resources and norms ones society. (Barford, 1996). Most human being societies have adopted certain societal norms which result either from ethics or from intrinsic ideas. But according to Young, (2003), consequences are that they partially result to human societies being unable to forbid impunity. Eventually, serious tensions picks in the society that may lead to society’s demolition. Men in general learn to differentiate between good and evil through learning and socialization. Through reason, a man is able to distinguish between what is unacceptable and what can be accepted in a particular society. Some norms are vital for social stability and in this sense such norms are based on human natural history, they are conventions that we need to have a stable society. Therefore society norms and ethics have a major role in setting the society free from disorder (Barford, 1996). If law totally breaks down, then society is worse off than before (Owen, 1997). Socrates believed in this statement and totally refused to break the law. He wondered what kind of citizen he will be if he refused to accept the ruling of the jury. In addition Reilly (2000) in his book the social organization of today are dissimilar from the first civilizations in that primitive cultures depended on unity of people to live. However currently everyone depends on cash inform of monitory value and it has established the same as the common good. According to Kibuka (2000), the society without cash would work mainly because it goes against individual nature. No matter how genuine and accountable people are civilized, people always need a reward. He continue to express criticism that without the reward everything will have no value hence the world will still be far away from civilization. In his book Reilly (2000) argues that an operational, liberated and just society must rest on a basic principle. Right liberty cannot be real for all, unless the civil liberties of all are valued by all, these right can be liberty and the pursuit of happiness. According to Karl Marx, order is highly important for the organization and for maintenance of all human societies and to bring about civilization. He said the higher rank of order a society achieves, the more superior the society tends to be unable to find order and indeed the more chaotic it become (young, 2003). Marx contradicts with Reilly (2000) who thought civilization goes hand in hand with law and order in the system. He points out that through the period of anarchy and revolution a society mainly lack order and therefore becomes chaotic. Both Marx and Reilly (2000) however converge on the same thoughts that societies have a lot of the attributes of the united system; through swapping matter and energy to their surroundings as they add to their order specialization tend to develop. The world is an island and therefore we all need each other to survive and we communication which is the key to the organization and development of all human societies; this involves use of words and symbols. It’s therefore very vital to have a pattern of value, order and norms so that law and order will be maintained in a society; this explains why in a structured society there is need for law and order. In addition order and pattern is the core of social union and function (Cohen & Arato, 2001). Karl Marx quoted that though much energy is put in a society to maintain order, change is unavoidable hence he believed that every society can be destroyed if unity is not maintained by law and order (Young, 2003). At this juncture, Marx was in agreement with (Reilly 2000) who argued out that for there to be order in the society we need law to be followed for law and orders go hand in hand. Reilly (2000) believed that rational societies were structured to attain goals flexibly and were able to meet the test of time therefore adjusting for better. In what I regard as the major achievement of the Greek and Roman Empires, the ancient Greek empire has contributed a lot to civilization of the west. Since inception the Greek philosophy, it has continued to shape the whole of western thought impacting on modern philosophy and modern science (Jessop, 1998). Although many philosophers believe that neither inquiry nor the reason began with the ancient Greeks, the Socratic methods together with his ideas of form are entirely from the Greek. Socrates who was the teacher for Plato was an Athenian philosopher who believed that a person should strive always to do well. He emphasized that one should always know you and he was known for disobeying the bad command (Barford, 1996). Aristotle and Plato work forms the major philosophies that have greatly influenced the western philosophy. The Greece’s were very good in art, history, art and science which many countries including western countries borrowed to shape their growth of civilization. All these cultures begun with what is known as golden age of Greece: it’s the time of cultural prosperity peace and time of law and order in Greece. More so myths, Olympics, democracy rule of law all originated in Greece. Greek’s had a very rich culture which influenced western civilization. The most notable was mainly their philosophy and its culture which dictates their rich norms and values (Hefner, 1998). Greek scientist made radical discoveries in several fields like in mathematics, physics, medicine, biology and astronomy. This forms part of the reason why Greek civilization is still regarded as mother of discoveries. On addition it was first in Greeks where commercial trading post and colonies were founded this led to the growth of trade which in turn led to adoption of septic alphabetical scrip. These scripts led to the development of the subject mathematic. The Greek had several enemies who wanted to conquer them. The conflicts with the Persians did not only make the Greek Empire become very strong but also allowed establishing a very strong form of government which favored specialization (Hefner, 1998). To an extent ancient Greece affected civilization of the west with politics, this is because the Greece was the first to establish the democratic systems. Laws as it’s in many western countries laws were voted on and proposed directly by the assembly of all citizens therefore Greece offered a form of government which is used by the western countries including the US. A form of government which has the Executive branch, the judicial branch and the judicial branch began with the Greece and later borrowed by the west. Greece was the first to realize the important of sports and make sport their tradition hence the first Olympic was held there. Surprisingly, up to date the western countries still compete on the same sports which were held on the first Olympics (Martin, 1999). For ancient Roman, Engineering was a main issue influencing western civilization. Nowadays the Greek technologies are used to build bridges, harbors and roads were buildings in the west. Cohen and Arato (2001) express no doubt that civilization of the west has been shaped and largely based on Greece’s powerful politics, philosophers, medics, sports and classical art. The society has played a big role in the invention of law, in order to advance the concept of the common good. The common good was crucial to normative vision of what can be regarded as good life during the time of the Greek moral philosophy that formed the basis of western thought. The common good entails grasping idea that a person as sacred and social. Common good is based on understanding that human rights and dignity together with well being and human potential are achieved in one’s moral ecology. On the other hand it is the social justice that orients the moral action to the common good. Every person in the society who is dedicated to the quality of life and to the well being of every body gives in to the common good of all since. Plato asserted that in a just society, citizen bestowed themselves to the common good, act morally and wisely, and practices the occupation they are best suited. Aristotle contrary to that recommended that a state should be governed by middle class, because he thought that they are likely to struggle for fairness of the common good. Moreover he stressed that an individual depends on the society in order to survive a truly human life, and even that the state is a natural creation that precedes a person (Owen, 1997). As per St. Augustine, he diverted the natural law of society from one based on reason to one based on divine rule. In his argument, St Augustine Hefner (1998) apprehends God and churches as the vital base of civic virtue, law and order of the social order. Therefore religion is very important in shaping human destiny, for church offers laws and ethics to be followed. Its society’s role to come out with guidelines for defining what is norm and what is right. It is also the society role in general to mold its own people. It has a function of maintaining law and order hence protecting its people. Jessop, (1998) asserts that the main function of civil society is to compel human beings to respect one another’s rights. Civilization can be achieved only when the civil societies in the western countries protect its members to pursue diverse interest at the same time the political parties striving to guide the members towards party goals. Nevertheless, many philosophers predict that the western civilization is on the verge of collapsing. Cohen and Arato (2001) attribute the collapse to invasion of the west culture by other cultures. Although, the west citizens are slowly rejecting their community culture, they still hold some sense of commitment towards it.

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Death Penalty - Essay Example The truth is that when you for the right crimes the death penalty is a deterrent. But more than that, the death penalty is society’s ultimate sanction against those who commit the most heinous crimes. Its elimination is called for by people who in a general sense would tend to see criminals as victims, and refuse to actually see victims of crime at all. When you eliminate the ultimate price from the criminal justice system you simply are left with a bunch of sentencing requirement which varies only in tiny degrees: there is no way to express heartfelt anguish or outrage at a crime. Why the death penalty should continue in its present form is the subject of this essay. The death penalty is a deterrent to crime. Famous critics believe so (Mappes, 2007, 107). The reason why statistics may not always show this to be true—and are so open to misuse and manipulation by death penalty opponents is many homicides are not the first degree and do not involve a lot of premeditation. Many are caused by negligence or happen on the spur of the moment. For these sorts of crimes, capital punishment won’t be much of deterrence—and this fact will be reflected in the so-called statistics. But then again no public policy will provide much of deterrence for crimes that do not involve intention or are carried out on the spur of the moment. Indeed, I don’t believe there is much of a correlation between crime rates and the death penalty, to begin with. Murder is only a very small portion of crime statistics, and only a very small portion of murder would be deterred.

The Patriot Act and Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Patriot Act and Terrorism - Assignment Example According to the Act, Smith & Hung (2010) explains that the government can trace pen and trap order to interrupt information on communication via the internet. This also includes trapping email addresses received or sent to determine what communication exists among the people. This means that the Department of policy on Justice is free to retrieve information on any sites one is visiting using traces, pens and traps. Apart from the patriot Act, there exist anti-terrorist laws, which cut the civil rights of American citizens. Following a terrorist case the Supreme Court of the United States took a freedom shot of speech. However, by a vote of 3vs 6 on law provision it criminated providing knowingly support materials to terrorist, foreign organizations. Another recent terrorist law which, erodes the, Constitutional law that allowed the government to kill and target Americans; who passed on in the process. This was when the Administration of Obama authorized the killing of a cleric Muslim; Awlaki Anwar believed to be an AlQaeda member (Smith & Hung, 2010). Terrorism should remain a separate offense because terrorists are war criminals and not subject to same constitutional rights as normal citizens of America. However, the problem is that the U.S government bypasses many provisions of the constitution, allowing the extraordinary power over both terrorists and citizens. The crimes previously in place do not address the terrorism acts adequately in such a way that the government authorities target the citizens of Americans who are not terrorists, but intentionally and covertly perceived to be them. Bullock and Coppola (2012) claim that a preventive and forward-looking strategy of criminal justice against the terrorists should follow a system that is comprehensive of offences, techniques, and investigative powers. Each person has a right to life and therefore, law protection should

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Term Paper Example The stores of this company are designed in a very systematic way. Earlier the company was owned by Oak Hill Capital Partners. It was a private equity firm. In 2010 Duane Reade was acquired by Walgreen Company. This case study explains some aspects of Duane Reade business in a detailed way. The firm is operating its business in retail industry. In USA, there are many big players present in the retail market. Duane Reade is experiencing strong competition in this industry. It is also facing threats from its strong competitors like Walmart, CVS etc. Some of the strategies of Duane Reade provide it competitive advantage which is explained in this case study. The firm is also experiencing some benefits and issues for its merger with Walgreen Company which are highlighted in this case study. I am an employee of Duane Reade. I am working in this company for a long time. In Duane Reade I am holding the position of shift manager. I have learned many good things from this organization and have a very good experience with it. As a shift manager I have got the opportunity to know many vital things from this company. Duane Reade has faced different types of situations for performing its business activities. I have experienced those situations and observed many things. Earlier Duane Reade had huge amount of debts. But presently the company has repaid its debts and it is now expanding at a faster rate. In New York, Duane Reade is the largest drugstore chain. The sales volume of this company is very high. So Duane Reade is able to sell its products at a lower rate that its competitors. For this reason the company has a large customer base. It acts as a strong advantage to the firm. I have seen the company in implementing various marketing and operational strategies which are tailored to meet the needs and requirements of its targeted customers of New York. This helped Duane Reade to acquire and retain more number of

Does consuming Vitamin C reduce the risk of having a cold Research Paper

Does consuming Vitamin C reduce the risk of having a cold - Research Paper Example We call it infection. An infected person is the one whose body has been penetrated with microbes such as Viruses, Bacteria or Fungi. As the microbes continue to grow in the body, the disease gets severe until the person infected is killed. Viral infection occurs when tiny disease-causing particles, called a virus, enter the body and begin multiplying. More than 400 different viruses are known to cause infections in humans. (Natural Standard Research Collaboration, 2011)[1] Most commonly known viruses that cause diseases are common cold, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HIV, Influenza (flu). How are we protected from diseases? To protect from attacks and damage from microbes, God has created human beings with many defensive techniques. The first barrier against the microbes is human skin. Unless the skin is cut, and blood comes out, microbes cannot enter the body. Second protection is white blood cells which are there in the body to defend us. White blood cells eat microbes and also hunt the m down before they can mix in the red blood cell. White blood cells also produce antibodies. Antibodies are natural destroyer of microbes. The antibodies are produced automatically as soon as a microbe enters the human body. For every single type of microbe, a new type of antibodies is made. The third thing that protects microbes from entering our body is hairs in our nose. They catch microbes which are in air or atmosphere. The fourth thing that protects microbes is mucus, a sticky substance that lines nose and windpipe and also washes microbes away from the eyes in tears. In spite of the researches and efforts by human being, the microbes keep entering the human body constantly and make people ill. Those who are infected when do not take necessary medicine on time let the microbes grow to the extent that can kill them. In general all viral infection cause fever and the body uncomfortable which in common terms we call â€Å"sick† or â€Å"ill†. However the sign and sy mptoms depend upon the severity of infection and the type of virus which infected the body. The only way to cure viral infections is to make the body produce antibody which can destroy the viral microbes. The antibiotics made by scientist only cure microbes of type â€Å"bacteria†. However, microbes of type â€Å"virus† do not destroy by antibiotics. Scientists have found a new way to cure virus microbes. This new process is called â€Å"immunization†. A body is immunized when a â€Å"vaccine† is injected in to the bloodstream. This vaccine contains the microbes that cause the disease. The microbes in vaccine are slightly modified. They are either dead or weakened or some portion of it is used. After the injection white blood cells make antibodies against the microbes that were injected by the vaccine. Hence we say that our body is now immunized from a particular viral disease. Any time in future, when a microbe of this type enters the body, it is immedia tely recognized and the army of antibodies comes into action by attacking, hunting and destroying it preventing the body from the viral disease. What is cold? Cold is a viral disease. When a person is infected by cold virus, his throat soars. As the virus grows in the body, the eyes, nose and ears all start to pain. It may raise temperature and cause fever. The effect of cold and flu virus on an individual body depends on the army of antibodies the body posses. Larger army of antibodies

Marketing plan as the main part of the business strategy Essay

Marketing plan as the main part of the business strategy - Essay Example Markets and products have become extremely fragmented. There are hundreds of special-interest magazines, for example, each targeted to a very specific market segment. It's the same with restaurants, cars and retail clothing stores, just to name a few industries. Positioning your product competitively requires an understanding of this fragmented market. Not only must you be able to describe your product, you must also be able to describe your competitor's product and show why yours is better. Positioning your product involves two steps. First, analyze your product's features, and decide how they differentiate your product from its competitors. Second, decide what type of buyer is most likely to purchase your product. Pricing and placement are critical to competitive positioning. In today's marketing culture, pricing cannot be separated from the product. Take grocery stores, for example. The full-service supermarket is still the most popular form of grocery distribution. But today, busy families want faster service and more convenience, even if it means higher prices. As a result, convenience stores, home delivery services, personal shoppers and takeout restaurants have proliferated. At the same time, warehouse grocery retailing has also increased. Warehouse stores cater to customers who prefer low prices to convenience. Describe your target customer. Developing a profile of your target customer is the second step in an effective marketing plan. You can describe customers in terms of demographics-age, sex, family composition, earnings and geographical location-as well as lifestyle. Ask: Are my customers conservative or innovative Leaders or followers Timid or aggressive Traditional or modern Introverted or extroverted How often do they purchase what I offer How much of it at a time Are there peak buying periods or times of the year when people won't buy my product or service Conclusion The simple truth is that the type of ad that pays off immediately will work less and less well the longer you keep running it. And the ad that will make customers think of you immediately when they need what you sell (true branding) usually doesn't begin showing any encouraging results for at least some weeks. These are the ads that will work better and better the longer you keep running them. But most advertisers will cancel these ads after some weeks. The thing to remember when developing your marketing plan is that you're not looking for what works. Every type of advertising works to one degree or another. What you're looking for is the best long-term use of your ad budget. Then you have to develop an advertising message within your marketing plan. The questions you're trying to answer are these: "What do we need to say to the customer and how often do we need to say it And which media will give us the most efficient long-term

Project Management Issue Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management Issue Report - Essay Example As the report declares SRP is related to the rightful promotion of human rights in companies. These rights include – child labor, union management, health and safety of employees, compensation concerns and employee exploitation. It is expected that companies follow a SRP programme maintain a strict and realistic approach to human rights standards. This paper stresses that SRP clearly enlists the need for elimination all types of employee discrimination at the work place. Any kind of unfair treatment needs to be strictly controlled and equal opportunity standards should be maintained. Quality employment techniques and practice cultures offered by the management reveals a strong dedication to socially responsible procurement programs. SRP promotes the necessary condition on companies and organizations to behave responsibly and in shared favor of the society. An effective corporate governance structure smooths the process of fair trading, transparency in company and shareholders laws, observance with appropriate laws and regulations. SRP promotes the initiatives by companies to enhance the variety of suppliers. This pertains to giving contracts to less privileged, underrepresented groups, women owned small and medium scale businesses and services, retired, disabled and minority communities. This in turn assist in creating jobs fo r this underprivileged section of the society and subsequently create a uniform levels of living standards to some extent in the society.

Privacy hw Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy hw - Research Paper Example Privacy is required for risk management scenario. In the context of the provided case though, the logical factors for privacy will have to be correlated with human values and ethical consideration (Clarke, 2009). The parents of the deceased Marine wanted to seek access to his email. The service provider of the email, Yahoo was reluctant to concur with the request. In the given context from the point of view of Yahoo, the scenario brings into consideration the issue of computer ethics and the privacy aspect. Yahoo, as a service provider had agreed to certain terms with the deceased Marine which they can’t just waive off. The privacy issue is a main reason behind this decision as if the information is released to the parents then it could bring in devastating consequences. In terms of social point of view, the need for email privacy is a very relevant and important issue. Information ethics as a part of computer ethics has to consider not only the human beings along with their actions, characters, and intentions but also the ethical theories like utilitarianism and deontological has to be considered. Information ethics and the privacy related aspects sometimes has to be supplemented with traditional ethical consideration and it can also override the information ethics aspects if need arise (Bynum, 2008). In terms of privacy rights in general circumstances, the personal information associated with an email like password is very important. The security breach aspects like hacking, and stealing of personal information is very crucial aspect for ensuring email privacy and security. There is also a terms called ‘right to privacy’, which provides an individual to have right to control their personal information. Personal privacy in case of email in general circumstances is an uncompromising issue for a service provider like Yahoo (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 2010). As per electronic privacy information center, privacy laws are

Emily Dickinson Essay Example for Free

Emily Dickinson Essay American poet The Belle of Amherst, Emily Dickinson wrote hundreds of poems. Few were actually published while she was alive. Dickinson is one of the most widely read and well known American poets. While she doesnt exactly fall into the category of the Transcendentalists or Anti-Transcendentalists, she was well regarded by Emerson and she read his work thoughtfully. Even though Dickinson brought harsh emotions into her works, I believe she fits better into the Transcendentalists group rather then Anti Transcendentalists. Not only did she believe in Puritanism which allowed her to remain grounded in her faith of God, Transcendentalism permitted her to release herself from judgment and to view herself as an individual with her own passions and thoughts. Transcendentalism involved a rejection of the strict Puritan religious attitude that was the heritage of New England. Emily Dickinson was influenced by romanticism, especially such elements, as the relationship between nature and humankind. Dickinson expressed feelings toward nature and saw a connection between the outside world and her own soul. In the poem, Theres a certain Slant of the light it is directed toward a snow storm, alluding to nature. Although the poem has many anti-transcendental words, for example, oppresses, hurt, scar, internal difference and despair, the overall point of the poem is what nature feels during a snow storm. In Emily Dickinsons second poem Tis not that Dying hurts us, the nature element is brought out once again. Tis living-hurts us more alludes back to Bryant, although he wanted us not to fear death and enjoy life. In the poem Dickinson refers to The Shivers or birds which allude to nature and the outside world. She feels depressed though because she wants death so that someone will be kind to her and respects her, and compares the birds (nature) to her life. Many of Emily Dickinsons poems have Anti-Transcendental elements; although I believe the point of her poems refer to nature, her soul and goodness. In The Bustle in a House the title implies Transcendentalism, because the movement of the family in the house is good, even if its after death. Everyone on earth, alluding back to nature, feels this way after someone they love passes away. The last work of Dickinson I used to prove shes a transcendental writer is, I heard a Fly buzz-when I died. In the title she refers to a fly which is an animal, sign of nature. The stillness in the room was like the stillness in the air between the heaves of storm. Once again Emily Dickinson alludes to nature, even though it has more of a gothic element. Dickinson is one of the most widely read and well known American poets. Although she can wager both ways for being either Anti-Transcendentalist or Transcendentalist I feel her poems are reflecting how she feels as well as the nature element is always present.

John Locke vs. Thomas Hobbes Essay Example for Free

John Locke vs. Thomas Hobbes Essay During the seventeenth century, Great Britain produced Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, two of the greatest political philosophers of all times. Both men are known for their great philosophical ideas that help to explain the role of government in man’s life. Their explanations are based on the description of their understanding of man’s state of nature. While both men do have opposite views on many of their political arguments, the fact that they are able to structure the essence of their conflicting ideologies in to the shell of what they define as the state of man in nature, is the link that relates them to each other. Both man share there desire in an establishment that provides order to ensure not only the protection of the individual, but also the security of the state. In Hobbes philosophy, the state of nature is a very unwelcoming, dull place. His theory is that individuals in their true nature are guided by their innate primal, animalistic instincts, rather then reason. Hobbes’ concept of the state of nature is based on his believe that morality such as the ideas of good and evil do not exist in tis state. He claims that with out guidance, man will use any power at his deposal, to defend his life and positions. In his book Leviathan, Hobbes describes this condition as war, in other words, it is every one against every one. (Hobbes) In addition, he depicted the state of nature as a state in which individuals are without any of the benefits that are taken for granted in modern society. Hobbes describes the lack of these benefits as: â€Å"No commerce, no agriculture, no account of time, no arts, no letters, and no society. (Hobbes)† Hobbes believes that without proper structure, man is in constant state of war. A state where an overbearing sense of fear and grief, triggers men to be on a constant defense in order to protect themselves, and their belongings. Hobbes relates man’s desire to escape from the state of nature and war by seeking peace, which allows man to end his unremitting feeling of fear. In order to obtain peace, Hobbes claims that it is the use of reason that enables man to respond the laws of nature. It is through reason, that man transfers all rights to a higher power, according to Hobbes, which in turn allows man to receive man’s natural right to all things, providing that others will do the same. Hobbes labeled this mutual transferring of rights contract. Hobbes knew, however, that there has to be some collective authority in place to enforce the laws. He believed that human’s appetite for power would be a constant threat to the contract. To prevent this threat, Hobbes saw a necessity for government. He concluded that there aught to be some sovereign authority that could enforce laws and would be authorized to punish anyone who broke the rules; an authority that is endowed with the responsibility to uphold the rights of every individual, as a part of the social contract. Hobbes believed that the best form of government to fulfill this role is in form of an absolute monarch as ruler over the people. He named the role of the absolute sovereign Leviathan. The role of the monarchic ruler was to be successful because it helped to create a endless circle that reinforced the social contract. The sovereign was to control the masses through fear, as he had the power of the threat of punishment bestowed upon him. This power helped to reinforce the mandates that the laws of nature provided, thereby ensuring the continued operation of the social contract that was in place. In turn for turning the responsibility to protect and serve over to the ruler, the people essentially gave up all of their own personal rights to govern themselves to the sovereign. The concept was that people are able to maintain their right to self-preservation by granting the sovereign all of their other rights. Hobbes titled this idea of a system of sovereignty the Commonwealth. It is through this social contract that is upheld between the people and the sovereign in the commonwealth, Hobbes states, that â€Å"man is able to get out of the state of nature and into society. (Hobbes)† Being a philosopher of political theory in the seventeenth century, John Locke understood and believed in the social contract and the state of nature as much as Hobbes. The positions he took on them, however, were most of the time on the polar opposites of the spectrum. Locks interpretation of the state of nature becomes evident in his publication Two Treaties of Government, where he states, â€Å"while there were no civil societies yet formed, people basically were able to live in peace, because the natural laws that governed them were an innate quality which everyone had. (Locke)† In other words, is Locke’s believe that in the state of nature, all people are equal, and have executive power of the natural laws. One of the major clashes between Locke’s and Hobbes’ theories was the interpretation of the state of nature. Hobbes was a firm believer in the state of â€Å"war† as a natural part of the state of nature. Locke on the other hand, alleged himself with the thought that the two states were not the same. Locke’s philosophy states that the human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance. He believed that in the state of nature all men where equal and independent. Further more Locke believed that it is every ons right to protect his rights of life liberty and property. He states that people govern to govern their lives by using reason, and do not need a common superior, or leader. The state of war occurs when people try to force things on others, and it was Locke’s belief that when this occurs, people have the right to wage war because force without right is an adequate basis for the state of war. In order to transition from the state of nature into a civil society, Locke believed that people would innately want to give up their natural freedom in order to assure protection for their lives, liberties, and property. Locke claimed that the most efficient form of government for a civil society would be one that is run by the majority of people with common views, and that the individual, when entering into this society would submit to the will of the majority and follow the rules set forth by it. In transitioning from the state of nature to a civil society, Locke stated that the state of nature differed from a civil society because it lacked â€Å"an established, settled, known law; a known, and different judge; and power to back and support the sentence†. In order to complete this transition into a civilized society, the individual has to relinquish certain natural rights. These rights include the right to do what they wanted within the bounds of the laws of nature, and the power to punish the crimes committed against natural law. Both rights are given up in order to put oneself under the protection of the executive power of the civil society. According to Locke, it is a transfer of these rights to the civil society. Lock states that there will be â€Å"a law, a judge, and [an] executive working to no other end, but the peace, safety, and public good of the people. † Locke’s ideals were considered to be very progressive at the time of their creation and based on the principles of equality and government working to the advantages of the people. After entering into a civil society, Locke stated that the government of the commonwealth, using the element of a majority, should have a single legislative body that was used for the creation of laws. Locke suggests many types of governments such as Democracy, or Oligarchy, but he never states that one is better then the other. This again is another difference in the views between Locke and Hobbes. While Hobbes favored one single person to have the divine power to rule, Locke stated that the power to create law should rest within a majority legislative body and that the law created by it should be absolute. No other body could create laws of its own, and every member of society and the commonwealth must abide by the laws that were created by the legislative majority. While the legislation is an absolute governing body, it does in fact have limits as well. Locke states that the legislative body must govern by fixed laws that apply equally to everyone, and that the laws that are designed are to be done solely for the good of the people; lastly, the legislative body cannot increase taxes on property owners with out the people’s consent. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes ideas about common law governments help to explain, at least from a philosophical ideal, the evolution of man from the animal age to the enlightened seventeenth century in which they resided in. While I believe the critical difference between their views is the amount of power they each placed in the idea of a sovereign power, they also shared many other different ideals, such as the state of nature in which people resided, and their ideas of how people living in the commonwealth should relinquish their rights. However, one crucial element of commonality should be noted that existed between Locke and Hobbes. Even though many of their ideals differed their end result was the same; the common good of the people. Though they both may differ on how this plan works, they are able to base at the crux of each of their arguments, the essential need for reason in man’s life, and how we as a race are able to better ourselves through the tools of reason and government. Work cited: Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. first edition . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909. Print. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government . 22/04/2003: n. pag. Web. 18 May 2011. http://epublish. biz/pdf/Two_Treatises_of_Government. pdf.

Examination of the Efficacy of Dietary Supplements

Examination of the Efficacy of Dietary Supplements What has led to the popularity of dietary supplements and is their success deserved? Surname: LU First name: YIXUAN Introduction The definitions of dietary supplements are varied from different countries which specify the scope of the term differently, and this essay presents a logical common definition of dietary supplements. Dietary supplements, the forms of which are usually tablets, pills, powders, capsules or liquid preparations, are oral products taken at recommended dosage in addition to normal food intake. It contains one or more kind of nutrient which is derived from food products such as vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Additionally herbs or other botanicals are included in US definition. The sales of dietary supplements show that the popularity of dietary supplements among all fields and all ages of people has been rising dramatically in a few decades. In the US, sales of dietary supplements in 2001 were about $17.8 billion (Nutrtion Journal. 2011), and as reported by the latest statistics, dietary supplements annual sale has increased to approximately $30 billion (MD, 2014). In this essay, first of all, I will illustrate the reason why food supplements become so popular among general public, followed by a detailed illustration of the benefits of dietary supplements as supporting. Then some controversial issues raised by such popularity will be revealed, and the risks of taking dietary supplements are shown subsequently. In the end, I will give some suggestions to consumers when taking dietary supplements. The popularity of food supplements There are many factors accounting for the popularity of food supplements. Ransley et al. (2001) argue that four main driving forces cause this popularity. Firstly, the modern diet seems can hardly meet the strict requirement of health and life of people today especially in terms of nutrition, and the lack of the categories and quantities of nutrients can be supplied by taking dietary supplements. Secondly, eating dietary supplements are considered to be a remedy or precaution of aging-related diseases, which makes them quite popular among old people. Thirdly, in consideration of the increasing price of medicines and the inconvenience of seeing a doctor, taking dietary supplements directly is more attractive to consumers. Lastly, with the improvement of living standard, people are more concerned about their own health. Therefore he desirable features of food supplements can get people’s attention successfully. The benefits of taking dietary supplements Taking right amount of food supplements can assure an adequate dietary intake of essential nutrients. Although we can get all the vitamins and minerals we need as long as we keep a well-balanced diet every day, it is not easy to follow this good habit strictly especially among commuters and teenagers. Therefore, Webb (2006) claims that using dietary supplements, such as multivitamins and cod liver oil, usually helps ensuring the adequacy of nutritionally diet. As Walji (1995) and Mason (2001) point out, having irregular meals is quite common and this may cause nutritional deficiency. Besides, improper methods of preserving and cooking food may result in the loss of some nutrients from food, particularly those delicate and unstable vitamins, which may cause a phenomenon that people eating a lot but still undernourished (Walji, 1995). Additionally, the amount of nutritional requirements vary from person to person, even the nutrient containing in the standard diet may still be either ex ceed or inferior to some people. Therefore having a wholesome diet with the addition of supplements personally is a good way to ensure the correct amount of nutrients keeping our body in optimum condition. Besides, food supplements do have a powerful psychological effect on consumers. This is shown in a research that many consumers use supplements occasionally and take them only when the spirits are low or when they are stressful (Ransley, et al., 2001). Another benefit of taking dietary supplements is the efficacy of preventing deficiency diseases (Webb, 2006; Mason, 2001). In order to cure some diseases, people may need to increase demand for a particular nutrient in certain medical conditions or other circumstances. Take vitamin D deficiency as an example, vitamin D has the function of promoting intestinal tract absorption of calcium. Webb (2006) points out that the main source of vitamin D inside body comes from exposing the skin to the ultraviolet rays in the sunshine. People who spends less than the necessary amount of time under the sunshine, seems to be more vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Webb (2006) also notes that the lack of vitamin D is an essential contributing factor in the development of osteoporosis among old people. Combining with the fact that the ability of converting sunlight into vitamin D in the elderly will decrease as they grow older, taking related supplements become more necessary and functional. COMA ( 1991) recommended that vitamin D supplements should be taken by all aged people only if they are regularly exposed to the sunlight with reasonable amount of time (Webb, 2006). The usage of dietary supplements also contributes to avoiding other diseases or illness such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers or skin problems. Differentiating from the supplements treating nutritional deficiencies, food supplements for other diseases may have long-term positive effects on physical condition (Webb, 2006). For instance, fish oil supplement is well known for its effect on heart diseases. A conclusive study demonstrating the function of fish oil has been done by Burr et al. (1989). He tested â€Å"the effects of dietary intervention in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI)† (Burr et al. 1989, p757). The result shows a nearly 30% decrease in total mortality among the tested men who were suggested to eat oily fish (or fish oil capsules if some people did not eat fish) during the two years study (Burr et al. 1989). Although some variables may have not considered in the study, it is still a comparatively successful experiment verifying the efficac y of fish oil which is the main effective ingredient in fatty fish. Controversial problems following with the popularity With the growing popularity of taking food supplements, many controversial problems arise subsequently. What is the standard direction of taking dietary supplements? Are there adequate regulations of dietary supplements market especially in terms of herbs and mineral? whether dietary supplements make a worthwhile contribution to a healthy dietà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸ All these issues point to the risks of taking dietary supplements. The risks of taking dietary supplements There are so many unknown risks of eating dietary supplements, one of the main risks is that it may be harmful if people taking supplements in wrong dosage. If people take over-dose of specific supplements in the diet, such behavior may trigger the food-drug interactions (Hans, et al., 2001). Both the FDA (Food and Drug Administration in the US, 2014) and Webb(2006) state that the excessive use of some supplements, such as vitamin and iron, may cause some health risks and needless effects before, during and after surgery. For example, large ÃŽ ²-carotene supplements are known for the efficacy of preventing heart disease and cancer, but some studies show that such supplements may have counteractive. â€Å"Rapala et al. (1997) reported increased death rates from coronary heart disease in those subjects (smokers) given ÃŽ ²-carotene supplements compared with those receiving either the placebo or vitamin E supplements† (Webb, 2006). In addition, the ‘inverse supplement hypot hesis’ claims that some people who already have sufficient nutrition are more likely to taking supplements (Ransley, et al., 2001). Here is the evidence provided by the Women’s Cohort Study. In this study, one of the informants took 9g of vitamin C from supplements and an extra 90mg from another vitamin preparation. The intake of these two was more than 200 times than the RNI (Recommended Nutrient Intakes) and this is the amount without taking her dietary intake into account (SFL, et al., 1998). The above-mentioned evidence illustrates that consumers taking wrong dosage of food supplements may also be harmful. Another risk of taking dietary supplements is the lack of informed advices. As Blendon et al. (2001) indicate that, there is a lack of connection and trust between physicians and consumers. Because consumers do not believe in the information about supplements from physicians, likewise when physicians notice some problems about dietary supplements, they do not inform the consumers. Therefore, consumers prefer to take self-meditation, such as using dietary supplements to treat their illness, which is more convenient and have private space. However, when consumers need to ensure the daily intake, they have to search sources of advice from some unidentified places, such as internet, dietary supplement shop or the media. â€Å"This approach to self-meditation will carry risks and corresponding proof is that intakes of some supplements can be toxic to health and will cause serious adverse effects such as diarrhea (vitamin C) and flushing (niacin) † (Ransley, et al., 2001, p12). Furthermore, many benefits of dietary supplements are still unknown and unproved, so taking dietary supplements should be very cautious. The FDA (2014) illustrates that many supplements contain active ingredients which may cause strong biological effects in the body and increase risks of health in some cases. Therefore, the behavior of some consumers, using dietary supplements instead of prescription medicines, is obvious unwise (U.S.FDA, 2014). Since dietary supplements are neither food additives nor drugs, they are in a special status which was established by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (Hunrer and Trum, 1999). Obviously, it is not sensible to replacing the prescription medicines to supplements. In terms of herbs, herbal products do have some clinically proven benefits, but there are more facts illustrate its potential of containing toxic substances, especially regarding to the interaction with drugs (Halsted, 2003). Conclusion From what the essay has mentioned above, dietary supplement has a close relationship with our daily health. It is clear that the benefits of dietary supplement contribute to its popularity mainly. Various number of food supplements added in our daily intakes suitably enable us a nutritional-balanced diet. However the risks of taking dietary supplements are non-ignorable, which not only imply the room of the improvement of dietary supplements but also remind us necessity of taking supplements cautiously. In addition, some benefits of eating food supplements as well as the risks may be missing in this essay. It is not objective to say the popularity is good or not directly. In my view, the increasing number of people taking dietary supplements reflects a high awareness of personal health among publics. Meanwhile eating dietary supplements wisely is also necessary. To keep the balance of dietary supplement, several measures should be taken by the government. Such as strengthen the supervision of the production and sales of dietary supplements, establish detailed guideline of the usage of supplements and cultivate specialists in the field of food supplements. Apart from some regulations should be improved by the authorities, what we should do is be a savvy supplement user, thinking twice when purchase food supplements, reading the instructions of the supplements carefully before taking these products, finding out the relevant benefits of them in order to deepen the understanding of preparations and noticing the deficiency symptoms and following the measurement with cautious. References Blendon, R. J. et al., 2001. Americans Views on the Use and Regulation of Dietary Supplements. JAMA Internal Medicine, 26 March, pp. 805-810. Burr, et al., 1989. EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FAT, FISH, AND FIBRE INTAKES ON DEATH AND MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION: DIET AND REINFARCTION TRIAL (DART). The Lancet, 2(8666), p. 757–761. Eaglstein, W. H., 2014. What Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals?. In: The FDA for Doctors. s.l.:Springer International Publishing, pp. 25-27. Halsted, C. H., 2003. Dietary supplements and functional foods: 2 sides of a coin?. American Society for Clinical Nutrition, April, pp. 1001S-1007S. Hans, V., Eussen, S.R.B.M., Loveren, H. v. Rompelberg, C. J., 2001. Functional foods and dietary supplements: Products at the interface between pharma and nutrition. European Journal of Pharmacology, September, pp. S2-S9. Hunrer Trum, B., 1999. The New Dietary Supplement Label. Consumers Research Magazine, 82(9), p. 27. Mason, P., 2001. Dietary Supplements. 2nd ed ed. s.l.:London:Pharmaceutical Press. MD, W. H. E., 2014. What Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals?. In: The FDA for Doctors. s.l.:Springer International Publishing, pp. 25-27. Webb, P.G., 2006. Dietary supplements and functional foods. 1st ed. ed. s.l.:Oxford: Blackwell. Ransley, J., Donelly, J. Read, N., 2001. Food and Nutritional Supplements:their role in health and disease. Berlin: London : Springer, c2001. SFL, K., JE, C., MT, C. JH, B., 1998. Supplementary issues for women. Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 23, pp. 197-202. U.S.FDA, 2014. Protecting and Promoting Your Health. [Online] Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/default.htm [Accessed 27 Aug 2014]. Walji, H., 1995. Vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements : a definitive guide to healthy eating. s.l.:London :Headway. 1

Wal-MArt :: essays research papers

Background Information Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wal-Mart Inc. Corporate Headquarters  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  702 Southwest 8th street Bentonville, Ar 72716-8001 Top Executives  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President and CEO: H. Lee Scott  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chairman of the Board: S. Robson Walton  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chairman, Executive Committee of the Board: David D. Glass  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chief Financial officer & Executive Vice President: Thomas M. Schoewe Industry  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Merchandise, SIC code: 5399 Divisions  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wal-mart stores  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sam’s Club  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International Major Products  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hardware  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  House-wares  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Auto Supplies  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Small Appliances  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Domestics  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grocery  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Candy  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tobacco  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pharmaceuticals  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electronics  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health & Beauty Aids  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sporting Goods  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Toys  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stationary  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jewelry  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shoes  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1-hour Photo Major Competitors  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Target  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sears Roebuck & Co.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kmart  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Costco Wholesale Most Successful Wal-mart Brands  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ol’ Roy  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great ValueÃ’  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EquateÃ’ Financial Analysis Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Profitability Wal-mart experienced sales growth of 20% in the fiscal year of 2000. This impressive increase is a direct result of the companies expansion program. Wal-mart has also acquired a few international stores, which are doing very well and adding to the companies’ profit. As the table shows wal-mart is no stranger to climbing profits, in fact wal-mart has managed to increase sales by no less than 12% (typically more) each year for 11 consecutive years. Year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Net Earnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Net Sales   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Profitability 2000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $5,377   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $165,013   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0326 1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $4,430   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $137,634   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0322 1998  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $3,526   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $117,958   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0299 1997  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $3,056   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $104,859   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0291 1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $2,740   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $93,627   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0293 Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analysis Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liquidity Wal-marts’ liquidity has been decreasing since 1996, which is a good sign from a growing company. In 2000 wal-marts liquidity dropped off drastically, this is on account of their expansion projects. They are willing to take some short-term risks, because they are very confident it will pay off down the road. A lot of wal-marts’ money is being pumped into the super centers and also financing the over seas expansion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current Assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Short-term Debt  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liquidity 2000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $24,356   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $25,803   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9439 1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $21,132   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $16,762   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2607 1998  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $19,352   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $14,460   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3383 1997  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $17,331   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $11,454   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5131 1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $15,338   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $9,973   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5380 Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analysis Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital Management To say wal-mart is healthy is an under statement, thriving is a bit more fitting. The company has plenty of assets to cover their overall debt. Wal-mart continues to widen the gap between total assets and overall debt, the companies leverage has been increasing for 5 years running. By keeping their assets high and debt low wal-mart is assuring increased profits and happy shareholders for years to come. Year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total Assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall Debt  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leverage 2000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $70,349   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $25,803   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.7264 1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $49,996   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $16,762   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.9827 1998  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $45,384   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $14,460   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.1386 1997  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $37,541   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $11,454   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2775 1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $32,819   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $9,973   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2908 Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analysis Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asset Management Once again wal-mart demonstrates why it is looked at as the 5th most admired company in the United States. Wal-marts’ inventory ratio has been on the rise for at least five years. As wal-mart grows and gains experience it creates a very strong base for it self. It is one of the few companies today that actually learns from and builds on its mistakes.

Orwells such, Such Were The Joys....: Alienation And Other Such Joy :: essays research papers

Orwell's "Such, Such Were the Joys....": Alienation and Other Such Joys George Orwell expresses a feeling of alienation throughout "Such, Such Were the Joys...." He casts himself as a misfit, unable to understand his peers, the authorities placed over him, and the laws that govern his existence. Orwell writes, â€Å"The good and the possible never seemed to coincide† (37). Though he shows his ability to enumerate what is â€Å"good,† he resigns himself to a predestined state; uncertain of where exactly he fits in society, his attitude is irreconcilable with what he knows society expects of him. Orwell's childhood understanding of society forces him into only one possible direction, failure. This essay is the maturing Orwell's response to childhood subjugation, a subtle exposure to the evolution of Orwell's thought. Orwell's life as a boarding school student at Crossgates occupies his memory of childhood and serves as the platform for his views on life. Repeatedly Orwell describes the society of the school from which he is outcast: That bump on the hard mattress, on the first night of term, used to give me a feeling of abrupt awakening, a feeling of: ‘This is reality, this is what you are up against.' Your home might be far from perfect, but at least it was a place ruled by love rather than by fear, where you did not have to be perpetually taken out of this warm nest and flung into a world of force and fraud and secrecy, like a goldfish into a tank full of pike. (23) Young Orwell, impacted by this, â€Å"hard,† disorienting situation, realizes he is alone in a hostile, harsh environment. Orwell uses the image of the â€Å"warm nest,† a womb, from which the child is thrown, then innocently forced into a destructive reality. This reality is Crossgates, an educational institution but also a primary residence, the â€Å"home† Orwell lives in on a daily basis for a number of years. Far from the â€Å"love† of his familial home, Orwell finds that Crossgates does not nurture nor raise a boy to manhood, but rather destroys all that he loves and trusts. Hopelessly dominated in this environment, he is compelled to accept a mentality of insecurity and inferiority and becomes the fodder of others--the winners of society. Sim and Bingo, the spiritual and emotional guides of Crossgates, feed off of this pitiful mentality and their carefully constructed school environment. By the social standards that prevailed about me, I was no good, and could not be any good. But all the different kinds of virtue seemed to be mysteriously interconnected and to belong to much the same people.

Jerry Seinfeld :: essays research papers

Jerry Seinfield Sometimes a persons achievements can have an impact on an entire segment of an industry. In the book Jerry Seinfeld by Josh Levine this theory stands true. Jerry Seinfeld's brilliant comedy has had a tremendous impact on this segment of the entertainment industry. His clean comedy and detailed tactics have set a precedent for comedians to come. Jerry Seinfeld was voted the America's Best Male Comedian Club Performer in 1988 by a pole of night club regulars, even thought by then he had already moved up to the large concert halls and amphitheaters for most of his performances. Jerry used a form of comedy that no one had ever seen before. He was titled the clean comedian because he didn't to use profanity to make people laugh. Jerry said in one of his interviews, â€Å"My jokes are about clean subjects, and they're very thought out. Most comedians who use a lot of profanity- they' re using it for fast punchlines... I can put a joke together well enough that I don't need dirty words.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jerry has a role model for kids and comedians to follow. He started a new genre in comedy. Here's an example of Jerry's humor â€Å"Dogs are broke all their lives. You know why they have no money? No pockets. They see change on the street -there's nothing they can do about it†. â€Å"You go to the store to buy Grape Nuts. No grapes, no nuts. What's the story there.†. â€Å"If he's the best man why is the bride marrying the groom?† Jerry has not only contributed to his fellow comedians and the comedians to comes. He has made a difference in many peoples lives. For example, on Thursday night almost every one I know snuggles up in front of there television to watch Seinfeld, a sitcom staring Jerry Seinfeld. The next day you can hear them using dialogue from the show and laughing amongst themselves. It is as it his dialogue and situations he creates are being reenacted by everyone I know Jerry Seinfelds contribution is a great one.

A study of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy Essay

1) We could firstly look at the arguments that would justify a company in putting its first loyalty and moral responsibility to its owners as a priority. One of those arguments is the shareholder theory, which states that â€Å"the primary responsibility of a firm is to maximise the wealth of its shareholders† (Friedman, 1962). As Friedman (1970 in Moore 1999) then proceeded to argue, he claimed that society would gain as a whole if businesses were left to do what they do best, create wealth. This argument could also be strengthened by considering the principle of egoism. Egoism, as defined by Baier (1990), expounds that an action is rational if and only if it maximizes one’s self-interest. In contemplating the supporting propositions for a company to owe its first loyalty and moral responsibility to its employees and local community who are affected by its operations, we first examine the corresponding view on shareholder theory which is the stakeholder theory where â€Å"the stakeholder framework places shareholders amongst the multiple stakeholder groups that managers must involve in their decision-making process† (Clarkson, 1995; Donaldson and Preston, 1995) where stakeholder groups would include internal, external and environmental constituents who can place demands on the firm (Ruf et al., 2001). A moral theory that could support this view is the ethical theory of W.D. Ross in which he dictates 7 prima facie duties that each person may bear at any one time. In this case, a company has a duty of fidelity to its owners to act in their interest as well as the duty of nonmaleficence to its employees and the local community. In deciding which duty is more important we can turn to Kantian Ethics and the ethic of care. The second reformulation of the categorical imperative says that we should â€Å"(a)ct in such a way that you treat humanity†¦always..as an end and never simply as a means† (Thomas, 2010). Following that, the duty of fidelity will lose priority to the other as the former may require the company to treat humans as a means to an end. Finally, the ethic of care asks that we care for the well-being of those who are dependent on us (Shaw, Barry, Sansbury, 2009). Therefore, a company should owe its first loyalty and moral responsibility to its employees and the local community who are affected by its operations as they are dependent on the company for their safety. 2) The first reformulation of the categorical imperative in Kantian Ethics conveys the idea of treating others how one would want to be treated by others (Thomas, 2010). By natural logic, this entails the concept of all humans being equal and by that extension the differing economic circumstances of an Indian worker should not be sufficient ground to award a lower compensation. 3) Union Carbide USA may have stated their legal rights as a moral justification to use the forum non conveniens. They may also have utilised the concept of egoism as another justification, in that having the case judged in India would be beneficial to themselves. Reference List Baier, K. (1991), A Companion to Ethics, Blackwell Reference, Oxford Clarkson, M. (1995), ‘A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance’, Academy of Management Review, vol.20, no.1, pp.92-117 Dierksmeier, C. (2013), ‘Kant on Virtue’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.113, no.4, pp597-609 Donaldson, T., Preston, L.E. (1995), ‘The stakeholder theory of the corporation: concepts, evidence, and implications’, Academy of Management Review, vol.20, no.1, pp.65-91 Friedman, M. (1962), Capitalism and Freedom, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL Kant, I. (1966) The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics, trans. O. Manthey-Zorn, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York Moore, G. (1999), ‘Tinged shareholder theory: or what’s so special about stakeholders?’, Business Ethics: A European Review, vol.8, no.2, pp117-127 Ruf, B.M., Muralidhar, K., Brown, R.M., Janney, J.J., Paul, K. (2001), ‘An empirical investigation of the relationship between change in corporate social performance and financial performance: a stakeholder theory perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.32, no.2, pp.143-56 Thomas,  L.C. (2010), Lying and Deception : Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford Shaw, W.H., Barry, V., Sansbury, G. (2009), Moral Issues In Business, Cengage Learning Australia

An Analysis of Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay

Savage vs. Civilized The main concern of Lord of the flies is the conflict between the two competing drives that all humans have; to live by the rules and act right or to defy the rules and act on ones desires. Meaning Savage vs. Civilized. William Golding associates the instinct of civilization with good and the instinct of savage with evil. In the story the character Ralph is the protagonist who represents civilized, leadership, and order. On the other hand Jack is the antagonist and represents savagery and the desire for power. William implies that people are much more prone to the instinct of savagery than the instinct of civilization, especially without authority. In the beginning of the story, the meetings that the group has are very civilized and everybody abides by the rules. They form a society that has a leader (Ralph) and have a symbol of authority, which is a conch shell. They all listen to Ralph and use the conch shell to talk during the meetings; making the meetings very civilized. In the beginning they all do their part whether it be watching the fire, building things, going hunting for food, or getting water, they all did their part. As the story goes on most of the kids start slacking and the jobs are not being done well; they are becoming more savage. For instance the fire goes out when a ship passes, there is not much water in the coconuts, and only 2 people build the last shelter. The kids can’t even have a civilized meeting, and the conch shell is not being put to use as it should be. During the meeting piggy says† What are we? Humans? Or animals? Or savages? What’s grownups going to think? Going off- hunting pigs- letting out fires- and now! † By piggy saying this, it shows that the kids really are acting like wild animals and little savages. They are no longer thinking before they are doing things and have no sense of control or authority. They are beginning to go wild and the instinct of savage is kicking in.

Lady Macbeth is evil Essay

In my opinion, Lady Macbeth is portrayed by Shakespeare as an evil character, as she shows great ambition, she values power and wealth over human life, and she demonstrates cruelty throughout the play. Firstly, Lady Macbeth’s evil character is demonstrated by the reckless ambition she shows. ‘That no compunctious visitings of nature shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between the effect and it!’ she states. This shows that Lady Macbeth is willing to do anything to accomplish her evil ambitions, even if it means that she has to ignore human compassion which includes her gender, as she wishes the spirits to â€Å"unsex her†, to make her less like a women and more like a man. In that period of time, women were below men in society. Being able to have such thoughts as a woman under those circumstances at that time proves that Lady Macbeth is evil and her mind is filled with the lust for high ambition. Therefore, Lady Macbeth’s evilness drives out Macbe th’s ambition to become king and murder Duncan. Additionally, the way that Lady Macbeth values power over human life also shows her evil personality, when she says, ‘Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out’. This tells us that she would rather kill her own newborn baby by bashing his brains out, than break her own promise. Women were meant to show a soft, feminine nature in society at that time, however uses such vivid imageries, showing how hungry she is for power, and how cruel and evil she is as a female human being. This quote also tells Macbeth that he is weak and less of a man if he is unable to follow through with their plan, when she would be willing to kill her own blood, which shows the sheer force of her character that leads to Macbeth follow what she says. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth’s evilness is also demonstrated by her inhumanity, as she says, ’Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there. Go carry them and smear the sleepy grooms with blood.’ This shows that Lady Macbeth is only afraid of getting caught, but not guilty about what she has done, in addition she wants to make it seem even worse by smearing the grooms with blood and p assing the blame to innocent people. In this quote Lady Macbeth is scolding her husband for showing humanity and feeling frightened after performing a murder, which is a feeling that all normal people would have, as she finds this a cowardly behaviour, and this shows  her cold-hearted and evil nature. In conclusion, Lady Macbeth personality is expressed through her large ambition, the way that she desires power, and her cold-bloodedness. Therefore, one thinks that Lady Macbeth is evil.

Concert Essay

For this concert report I chose to go to a performance of student composers held at YUANZE UNIVERSITY auditorium in building 6. I chose this one because I wanted to see some of the talent that my peers have in the music realm, and also it was one of the only concerts I have been able to attend because of religious restrictions. It was impressive to hear pieces composed by students. I cannot imagine creating something as complex as a musical composition, much less actually performing it, so this aspect of the concert was particularly awe-inspiring. There was a large attendance, and I think that much of the audience consisted of friends of the performers and some of the university students. I went with two friends, who weren’t so eager to go; I had to convince them by telling it would be interesting to see student performers/composers. The first piece was called Oblique/musique composed by Patrick Swanson. This piece instantly stood out among the others because of the instruments involved. The piece was performed by two people: one playing a vibraphone and the other playing a large drum/cymbal/gong. However, the piece also contained prerecorded sounds of static, bass, and an incoherent voice. In this piece the melody was repeated many times. It was similar to the works of John Adams because of its repetitions, background recording, and minimalistic sounds. The second piece was a piano composition called something Afternoon; I didn’t really get the title. This piece had a very relaxing melody and a mild tempo. It was not fast and not slow. It was an experience of a lifetime. I listened to a genre of music I never had listened to. At the concert two people performed already leaving the audience wanting for more. I also noticed that in the back of the auditorium there was a camera crew filming the whole performance. The auditorium was very elegant looking. The majority of the people in the audience were young people in their twenties. That’s what I expected, it being in a college and all. The hall was rather big for such a small performance. It could fit approximately three hundred people and in the performance floor there was a piano a chair for the pianist and a table with a jar and a glass of water. The songs performed in the concert were all mixed up between andante and allegro. Most of the songs went from andante to allegro. It was divided into five acts. Four of the five acts were homophonic and the other act was polyphonic. The performers were dressed very elegantly. There was about thirty people in attendance and they were dressed in there normal attire. Also the majority of the concert was in the dissonant form. Very rarely I saw a consonant song playing. The behavior of the performers was that they were very concentrated in their work. Keeping aware and avoiding all mistakes if possible The pianist was really young for his professionalism, he was really professional, played spectacularly well. He gave the audience feelings of anger, sadness, and joy. The flutist also played brilliantly. Lastly the vocalist was the best part. She had a very high pitched voice sang both high and low parts. Sang both happy and sad parts. Gave the crowd mixed up feelings.

A Review Of Employee Management Systems Information Technology Essay

A Review Of Employee Management Systems Information Technology Essay Nowadays, Employee Management System is being adopted by many sectors in the real world whether it is small or large scale. But currently most of the fast food restaurant does not have this system implement to the website. Thus, the author decided to develop a web-based employee management system for fast food restaurant. The system will be built consists of human resource management function such as leave request, employee report and job application, this function will be integrated to this web-based system. The aim of this project is to design and develop a web based Employee Management System using PHP and MySQL. In this project, a web-based Employee Management System will be developed for Carl’s Fast Food restaurant to manage employee job information, working schedule, leave request, employee report on achievement, training and evaluations. In addition the system will also manage job application information that apply job online by visitor. In this web-based system basica lly it has 4 main users that are administrator, manager, employee and visitor. For employee, manager and administrator they can login to the system through online to perform their different task respectively that available for them, for visitor they can apply job. Where manager can do managerial work such as view/modify/create employee report, in addition it also can approve/deny/view leave request, accept/decline/view interview for job candidate, search for employee information and modify/view employee schedule. Manager can upload a doc file to the administrator, if there is any change about employee and manager information. In addition manager can search for specific employee information, view and print information. In employee, it can request leave and check for leave request whether their leave is approve or deny. Employee also can view working schedule that has been arrange by the manager and search for colleague to view their basic information. Administrator has just a small t ask such as create new user if there is any new employee, manager and administrator. In addition, it also can modify user information and delete user, and download doc file that uploaded by the manager to update the require information. And lastly the visitor can apply job online through the job application This web-based system is important where it can improve the way of managing and keep track of employee information such as leave request, employee performance report and others. Thus, this can determine the success level of the fast food restaurant. 1.1 Company Background Carl’s Fast Food Restaurant is one of the fast food restaurants in Malaysia, located at Cheras, Kuala Lumpur which founded in the year of 2008. This fast food restaurant is relatively similar to another fast food restaurant, which primarily sells french fries, fried chicken, hamburger and soft drinks. The restaurant has a traditional way and manual system of managing their employee information, hence the restaurant itself has the intention to improve the management of their employee. 1.2 Problem Statement One of the problems of the current Carl’s Fast Food restaurant is, they still using the manual way of managing the employee information and records, in term of keeping employee information such as employee leave request, employee report, and employee working schedule.

Financial Statement Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Assignment Example A provision for warranty should be provided for at 2% and any changes is taken to the profit and loss account. An account should be maintained that has this figures and if there is returns then the actual amount and changes in the provision is taken to the profit and loss account. b. Calculate K2’s warranty expense for 2008. Opening balance 8,430,000 Provision 2% of 1,934,700,000 38, 694,000 47, 124,000 Closing balance 6,490,000 Warranty expense for the period 40,634,000 c. How much did K2 pay during the year to repair and or replace goods under warranty? Amount paid for repairs =50% of warranty Amount paid for repairs =50% of 2% of 1934.7million = 19,347,000 2. (6 points) Mustang Inc. issued $800,000 of 5%, 20-year bonds at 96 on January 1, 2000. Through Jan 1, 2008, Mustang amortized $20,000 of the bond discount. On January 1, 2008, Mustang Inc. retired the bonds at 102 (after making the interest payment on that date). a. Calculate the net book value of the bond on January 1 , 2008 Interest = .05 x800,000= 40,000 Net book value = 800,000x102/100 = 816,000 b. and the gain or loss that Mustang would report for this retirement. Loss of the retirement = 800,000-816,000= 16,000 3. Higher Ratio financial risk Total debt/ equity (%) Increases EBITDA interest coverage Decreases Operating income/Sales (%) Decreases Free operating cash flow/Total debt (%) Decreases Return on equity (%) Decreases FFO/Total debt (%) Increases / Decreases Long-term debt/ equity (%) Increases EBIT interest coverage Decreases 4. (18 points) Progressive Corporation (a property and casualty insurance company) reported the following in its 2008 annual report: 2008 2007 (in millions) Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value 6.375% Senior Notes due 2012 (issued: $350.0, December 2001) $ 348.9 $ 355.3 $ 348.6 $ 367.8 7% Notes due 2013 (issued: $150.0, October 1993) 149.3 154.3 149.2 162.9 6 5?8% Senior Notes due 2029 (issued: $300.0, March 1999) 294.6 272.0 294.4 311.8 6.25% Seni or Notes due 2032 (issued: $400.0, November 2002) 394.0 350.0 393.9 397.6 6.70% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2067 (issued: $1,000.0, June 2007 988.7 450.0 987.8 936.5 $2,175.5 $1,581.6 $2,173.9 $2,176.6 On December  31, 2008, we entered into a 364-Day Secured Liquidity Credit Facility Agreement with National City Bank (NCB). Under this agreement, we may borrow up to $125 million, which may be increased to $150 million at our request but subject to NCB’s discretion. The purpose of the credit facility is to provide liquidity in the event of disruptions in our cash management operations, such as disruptions in the financial markets, that affect our ability to transfer or receive funds. The revolving credit facility agreement discussed above replaced an uncommitted line of credit with NCB in the principal amount of $125 million. Under this terminated agreement, no commitment fees were required to be paid and there were no rating triggers. Interest o n amounts borrowed would have generally accrued at the one-month LIBOR plus .375%. We had no borrowings under this arrangement during 2008, 2007, or 2006. Aggregate principal payments on debt outstanding at December  31, 2008, are $0 for 2009, 2010, and 2011, $350.0 million for 2012, $150.0 million for 2013, and $1.7 billion thereafter. Required: a. What amount does Progressive report for long-term debt on its balance sheet? The amount of long-term debt reported in the year 2008 was 2,175.5 million and 2,173.9million in the year 2007 b. Why is

Legal enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal enviroment - Essay Example Furthermore, the essay also intends to explore if an individual is capable of self-regulation and how ethics can influence the regulation process. Issue The main concern in the context of government regulations in business area is that whether such regulations are necessary. The problem with respect to regulations is that thorough imposing them, the activities of people become delimited and thus managed by the government, thereby violating the rights of individuals. By regulations, the choices of people to conduct certain commercial activities are also restricted. Besides, it has also been argued that low regulations in business and low government intrusion can facilitate people and businesses to earn more revenue and thus they can spend more on economic development. However, to a certain extent government regulations in business is necessary in order to support productive business practices. Reasoning According to Jefferson (2012), human beings are able to live in a society, govern themselves by self-imposed regulations and secure the pleasure of life, freedom, property and peace. The basic reasoning behind self-regulation is that people have absolute rights regarding life and liberty to pursue happiness. Government regulations, if considered necessary, are introduced to secure the sanctification of these rights. The main reasoning behind regulations is that government has a responsibility to oversee the activities of people, because they cannot be trusted for making the proper choices. In the context of business, government regulations are used to control such activities which can otherwise result in business and ultimately market failure. For certain individuals, self-regulation is a contradictory element of business, but it also provides several advantages in the field of business. The five potential benefits of self-regulation are immediacy, flexibility, obedience, cooperative interests of industry and resources. On the other hand, self-regulation also has several disadvantages which comprise conflict of interest, insufficient consents, under enforcement, international competition and inadequate resources. Evidently, self-regulations comprise both benefits and limitations. Thus, it is neither an integrally effective nor an ineffective way to govern business conducts. The key challenge is to derive the condition in which self-regulation can be regarded as the proper strategy to encourage ethical behavior and also to find ideal methods of planning self-regulatory organizations. In reaction to corporate frauds, it is reasonable to decide who should regulate the behavior of business organizations and business transactions. In this context, it can be stated that it is not a simple choice to follow either government regulation or self-regulation, rather it is a query of how self-regulation can be utilized (Coglianese et al., 2004). Even if self-regulations have received blame from public due to corporate frauds, it cannot be uninhibited co mpletely. As an alternative, the solution would be to change the inner governance system of the self-regulatory organizations by permitting them new power or altering the level of government observation (Coglianese et al., 2004). Analysis Several sectors of businesses have long complained regarding government regulations and their restrictive characteristics. Government regulat