Personal Ethics An Ethical Person Cheating On Taxes,...

Personal Ethics: What does it mean to be an ethical person? Cheating on taxes, exams, relationships, etc., seems to be rampant. Is this a problem? Why or why not? Personal ethics is the generally accepted principles or practices of right and wrong governing the conduct of individuals. To be simple, personal ethnic is the internal guide that tells us what is right and wrong. They drive our actions and emotions on o daily basis. Some people may be appearing similar set of personal ethics, but some people may have completely different sets. There are five major influences of personal ethics are: family influences (people), religious beliefs (religion), culture, experience (law), and internal personal reelection (philosophy). On the other†¦show more content†¦Cheating on exams is also very common in colleges and universities. Some students never study hard but can still pass the exams easily by cheating! Nobody knows the mumber of cheating on taxation. But it must be a lot, because the IRS says unreported income costs the U.S. Treasury $250 billion or more a year in lost taxes. http://www.livescience.com/32313-how-many-people-cheat-on-t axes.html Cheating on taxes is unethical. Three Views on the Ethics states the one cheating on tax is always, or almost always unethical. There are basically three ethnic views for this belief. The first views are the belief that individuals have a duty to the state to pay whatever taxes the state demands. This view comes from the belief that individuals should conform to majority rule. The second views for cheating on tax become unethical duty is because the individual has a duty to other members of the community. This view holds that individuals should not take advantage of the services the state provides while they don’t contribute to the payment of those services. This view come from the belief that if the one who cheating on tax do not pay their tax, then the others who obey the law must pay more than They should on the their tax. It is unfair and otherwise unfair means unethical. The third view is that we owe a duty to God to pay taxes because God has

Literature Review on African American Substance Abuse

Literature Review Literature Review Literature presented in this review reflects research conducted during the past five years, 2007 - 2011, and addresses the phenomena of adolescent substance abuse in the African American demographic. Additionally, this literature review will address documented causes of adolescent substance abuse as presented by psychologists, psychiatrists, educators, government officials, urban-policy researchers, addiction counselors and human service professionals. Opposing views will be presented by various experts on the subject of substance abuse among the African American adolescent population. This review will further address current theories, studies and perceptions of the magnitude of the impact of substance†¦show more content†¦The notion that drug dependence could be considered a â€Å"self-acquired disease†, based on individual free choice leading to the first experimentation with illicit drugs, has contributed to stigma and discrimination associated with drug dependence. However, scientific evidence indicates that the development of the disease is a result of a complex multi-factorial interaction between repeated exposure to drugs, and biological and environmental factors. Attempts to treat and prevent drug use through tough penal sanctions for drug users fail because they do not take into account the neurological changes drug dependence has on motivation pathways in the brain (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008). As managed care set down private roots, federal and state policy makers took aim at the limited penetration of a stratagem that had been conceived in hopes of slowing the growth of costs in Medicare (and Medicaid). Until the late 1980s, states largely deferred to critics who warned that disadvantaged populations suffering from poverty, social dislocation, limited literacy, and multiple health problems (sometimes including mental illness and substance abuse) should not be â€Å"locked into† HMOs that lacked experience treating these complex case loads, abridged their freedom of choice, and might prosper financially by underserving them (Brown amp; Jacobs, 2008, p. 63). Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use creates a huge health b urden for the United States and mostShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women Living With Hiv Aids1576 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV AIDS 1 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV AIDS 9 African American Women Living with HIV/AIDS Ruth Dionne Davis SCWK 620 Winthrop University Department of Social Work Abstract HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the African American community. African American women have the highest incidence rate of HIV infection with a steady increase over the years. Extreme poverty, unemployment, underemploymentRead MoreThe Impact Of Psychological Slavery On Attachment And Trust Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesTrust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) â€Æ' Table of Contents â€Æ' Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-American couples inability to stay together in termsRead MoreApplication Materials For The Assistant Professor Position798 Words   |  4 Pagesand correlates of juvenile substance abuse, online victimization, the effectiveness of programs designed to reduce and control crime, and the theory-driven understanding of such phenomena. For example, my coauthors and I recently published a test of primary socialization theory, an understudied and unique perspective related to the correlates of youth’s delinquent behavior, in the Journal of Substance Use. The results from this study indicated that association with substance-using peers and poor parentalRead MoreLife Skills in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment903 Words   |  4 PagesLife Skills in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment School of Advanced Studies, University of Phoenix Wesley Tyler Meredith Ward Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment Recidivism relates to a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behavior (Henslin, 2008). Progress being made in families and individuals due to lack of life skills that lead to causal factorsRead MorePrevalence And Risk Of Hepatitis C1624 Words   |  7 Pagespopulations (CDC, 2011). The segment of the population that abuses substances is more at risk for HCV infection. Even more at risk for HCV infection are the intravenous drug users (IDU). This population could have better testing and treatment outcomes if users or previous users seek diagnosis and treatment earlier. Other high-risk groups are those who also have a sexually transmitted disease (STD), men who have sex with men (MSM), African Americans, Asians and those who also have human immunodeficiencyRead MoreEssay about The United States Homeless Population879 Words   |  4 Pagesknow that our veteran population makes up a huge number of out homeless population. The focus of this paper is to provide an in depth review of literature, review of group interventions, and a critique of the current group interventions. Review of Literature of Homeless Population Today in the United States homelessness is affecting approximately 1.5 million Americans each year (Brown, Thomas, Cutler, Hinderlie, 2013). For decades America described the homeless population as alcoholic men. Read MoreJuvenile Delinquency, A And Violent Criminal Activities1530 Words   |  7 Pagesproceed on this analytical essay, I will examine two aspects of youth subculture that constitute juvenile countercultures and sometimes promote serious and violent criminal activities and explain what juvenile delinquency means. I will also review current literature pertaining to my chosen delinquency as well as my chosen perspective, identify and explain major theoretical components and explore and discuss policy implications. Many things come to people mind when they hear or see the world â€Å"JuvenileRead MoreStudent Body At Capital Middle School1075 Words   |  5 PagesEconomically oppressed, secondary school aged, African Americans, residing in urban areas are the majorities that are in dire need of immediate Cognitive Behavior interventions within Baton Rouge (E. Stephens, personal communication, August 28, 2015). They are at risk of dropping out of school, experimenting with alcohol and substance abuse, smoking, and institutionalization due to disruptive behaviors and chronic absenteeism. My current internship, Communities In Schools (CIS) located within CapitalRead MoreAging Adults And Substance Abuse1861 Words   |  8 Pagesthis literature review, we will outline some of the findings from the most recent research from 2010-2015. The focus is on aging adults and substance abuse in the United States. The use of alcohol, and prescription medications among this population, also known as the â₠¬Å"Baby Boomers† is a major concern. One focus will be on the prevalence of substance abuse (alcohol and prescription use) and the consequences both mentally and physically. Being apart of the aging population and substance abuse thisRead MoreEffects Of Alcoholism On The American Medical Association1016 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment: Literature review Topic: Addiction to alcohol Instructor: Vanda Wark Literature Review Definition of alcoholism: According to the American medical association alcoholism is a chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors influencing development and manifestations. Alcoholism has had a tremendous impact on the human condition and its relationship to society. The evolution of alcoholism, its behavior and quality of life impact will be addressed; as well

Argumentative Essay About Rap Music Today Vs Past Example For Students

Argumentative Essay About Rap Music Today Vs Past Music to some may seem a waste of time, but it is exactly the opposite. Music has become a very influential part in todays society. There are many different types of music. There is country, rock, alternative rock, rap, hip-hop, rhythm, blues, Jazz, classical, R, swing, and pop. Now these are only a few main types of music. Each main type has multiple sub-types of music. Sub-types are basically the main type of music but as it is influenced by different cultures, over time it changes and can be called its own unique type. There are many types of music but they all came from the same origin. That origin is Rap. Rap is a very popular music. It has been popular since it originated in Africa. Rap is known commonly as rhyming or spitting. Rapping is a primary ingredient in hip hop and reggae music, as it is for many other types of music like alternative rock. Rapping originated centuries before hip hop culture was even thought of. Rapping is also found in Kuwait music and its roots. Kuwait originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Rapping can be delivered over a beat or without accompaniment. Rap is so road of a concept that it crosses the spectrum of speech, spoken word, poetry and song. Rap was gradually extended from hit, strike, to parley, and finally, speak lyrics to a beat measure. The beat measure does not have to be present physically but mentally can be traced. Rapping can be traced as far back as its African roots. Rap originated with the grits of West Africa delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and environmental instrumentation. The tradition of storytelling was passed on for generations and grew very popular among its people. As popularity grew so did the music itself. As different people were exposed to the tradition, it grew as a whole and new styles, beats, instrumentation were all improved. As a result, the tradition turned into a popular hobby amongst many and new eras and chapters of the musics history were written. New eras such as Old school rap, New school rap, The Golden Age and Flow all came to be. Old school rap lasted from 1979 1984. Old school rap can be easily identified because of its simple raps and the fact that for artist of that time it was not about the lyrical power but Just about their good times. One of the most noticed artist of the time is Melee Mel and he was known for his incredible word play as a lyricist. He also opened many doors and paths for all future rappers. The Golden Age, from the late asss to early asss was when rap music went through its most drastic transformation. It underwent the invention of the complex wordplay and lyrical power of later hip-hop music. Flow is defined as the rhythms and rhymes of a hip- hop songs lyrics and how they interact as a whole to produce the desired musical tension. By gee_Rodriguez 2 Some of todays rap is dehumidifying and embarrassing. Modern rap artist include Ill Wayne , 2 chains, Drake, Knick Mina], Ill Twist, Mine, Jay-Z, Wiz Kalmia, Busts Rhymes, etc. Now a days rappers of society are dehumidifying woman as Hoes, Sluts, Pitches and many more disrespectful words and phrases being aimed at the females of todays society. This defacing and disrespect towards our women cannot be tolerated as it has become very excessive. Many will say that the motto for todays rappers simple; DRUGS, SEX, MONEY and POWER. Since rap music is so popular among young teens, the heads of our teens are Ewing filled with useless, disrespectful, and defacing content. .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 , .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .postImageUrl , .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 , .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:hover , .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:visited , .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:active { border:0!important; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:active , .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305 .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee5b062f6839eb5418c746024b642305:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Luke Bryan - Music and Physchological Expression EssayMuch of what teens are being exposed to today is definitely not the same as for many twenty years ago. Music is such a influential factor in society that music can change the political and personal perspective of many people Just simply by the lyrics artist use in their music. Artist of today are seen as role models to many young people, but sadly the criteria for fame as of now is very negative. The music portrayed to the future of this country is very negative and is causing negative influences in todays society as a whole.

The beginning Giles Corey Essay Example

The beginning Giles Corey Paper It has been argued that Act three is the dramatic climax of The Crucible. Discuss how far you agree with this argument. In my opinion Act three is the dramatic climax of The Crucible but Act four also includes some very dramatic moments so could be considered as another dramatic climax to the play. In this essay I shall tell you why Act three is the dramatic climax and will also talk about why other acts build the tension up towards this climax. Miller uses allegory as he makes the audience think that he is only writing about 1692 Salem but he is also writing about, although not referring to the 1940s McCarthyism. In Acts one and two Miller creates dramatic tension and suspends the audience. Miller tries to give his views on witchcraft through John Proctor, as Proctor has very strong views on this subject. He tries to say that he believes there is no such thing as witchcraft and hates communism. The Acts in The Crucible follow a four part dramatic structure founded by a man called Gustav Freytag. The four parts are: exposition, Rising action, climax (turning point) and the falling action. These are split over the four acts and in each of the acts I will show you how these work with that particular act. Act one, is known as the exposition, which contains the inciting moment, the event that occurs which changes everything that happens then on. John Proctor, the protagonist, is introduced in this act as a quick witted, sharp tongued man who is fiercely independent. There are lots feuds established in the first act, and the first act just sets the general scene, building up to the dramatic climax. We will write a custom essay sample on The beginning Giles Corey specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The beginning Giles Corey specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The beginning Giles Corey specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some of these feuds include, Abigail and Proctor, and Francis nurse and Thomas Putnam. The feud that affects the protagonist the most is his feud with Abigail Williams. The beginning of the Act starts of extremely quiet with Reverend Parris praying silently in the room on the bedside of Betty, his daughter. These is an extremely quiet beginning with a sense of sadness and confusion as the audience feel that this is a sad scene but also are confused about what exactly is going. There are numerous points of slight dramatic climax, which lead up to the inciting moment. Some of these are: when Abigail is questioned by Parris, when Proctor confronts Mary and when Tituba is questioned, this all builds up to the inciting moment. The incident which completely changes the outcome of the play, the inciting moment, comes right at the end of the play when the girls begin to make confessions about who they saw with the devil that night when they were all dancing in the woods. This Act establishes the characters and their objectives well. It shows that Reverend Hales objective is to find out the truth about what happened, Abigails objective was to save herself no matter what the outcome was on others, Reverend Parriss objective was to save his own name as the Reverend of Salem by sticking up for Abigail so that he would not look bad if she were convicted as Abigail is his niece and Proctors objective is also to find out the truth, without uncovering his hidden sin, his affair with Abigail Williams. In Act two we now move on to the rising action. The basic conflict of the false accusations in Proctors eyes, between him and Abigail becomes complicated as more conflicts interfere, including obstacles, which frustrate Proctors attempt to reach his goal of proving Abigail wrong about the witch-hunt. One of these secondary conflicts are, Proctors troubles with Elizabeth, when she is taken away as Abigail has accused her of witchcraft. There is lots of suspicion at the beginning of the act as there is a sense tat Abigail is in the room. Elizabeth begins to get suspicious; she cannot take her eyes off of John. She sits and watches him taste it this shows Elizabeth is questioning her trust for Proctor as once again we are told He eats. She watches him. This is immediately after the first time, and then finally once again we are told She is watching him from the table all this watching is within the first section of the first scene in Act two, the beginning is extremely calm, but all of Elizabeths suspicion through watching him erupts soon after. This sense of suspicion suggests that their relationship is not as strong as it is made out to be. Miller juxtaposes the calm beginning of the act, when Proctor arrives home and has dinner, with the hysterical ending, when Elizabeth is taken away after being convicted by Abigail Williams as a witch. The setting, lighting and sound effects all create dramatic tension, as the lighting, a fireplace suggests peaceful surroundings towards the beginning of the act but towards the end the fire signifies hatred and anger. The setting of the dinner table and the kitchen shows that it is a normal home at the beginning of the Act but towards the end this is not the case as it is not normal that Elizabeth is convicted of being a witch. And finally the sound effects, like the door being knocked on when Herrick arrives with the warrant for Elizabeths arrest, it suspends the audience leaving them wandering, what will happen next? Who is at the door? How will it link in with what is happening at the moment? This all leads up to the third Act of The Crucible, which is known as the climax (turning point). This is where here is a sudden change of events due to a bad decision by the protagonist. Miller manipulates the audiences response in this act by not showing them what is happening in the courtroom in the first scene. He does this because this is the only act which starts off hysterically, as all of the other acts start of calm and end hysterically, but this act starts off hysterically and ends also hysterically. There are many parts of the Act that could be considered as the dramatic climax but these are all just scenes that create tension building up to the dramatic climax. Some of these are, when at the beginning Giles Corey bursts into the courtroom claiming that he has evidence that would make his wife, Martha Corey is innocent, and when Mary Warren admits that her and all the other girls were pretending to be afflicted by witchcraft, and when Mary warren cannot faint when she was told to, also when Abigail and the other girls accuse Mary of setting a spirit upon them and finally towards the end of the act when Mary confesses that Proctor was the devils man.

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Personal Philosophy of Nurse

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Personal Philosophy of Nurse Nursing Essay Example on Personal Philosolophy of Nursing Personal Philosophy of Nursing As a nurse employed in a USAID affiliated hospital in the United States, I mainly work with the young and old persons with diverse health conditions. The patients suffer from varied diseases, which range from acute to chronic. In the nursing profession, one requires different virtues and values necessary in the course of service delivery. For instance, a nurse needs to have the values of patience, care, understanding, and empathy. Some of the duties, which require these virtues, include counseling, caring, teaching, and providing medical services. The work may base on the clinics, hospital wards, and community settings; sometimes, one has to do work shifts so that he/she can provide 24-hour care. The duties of a nurse range from dealing with critical patients to minor cases. A nurse is an all-round service provider in medical facilities; hence, they need to be familiar with all nursing practices.

Licencia de conducir para indocumentados en California

Licencia de conducir para indocumentados en California En cumplimiento de la ley AB60 los inmigrantes indocumentados que tienen su residencia habitual en California pueden sacar la licencia de conducir.   Esta ley ha sido todo un à ©xito. Comenzà ³ a aplicarse con fecha del 2 de enero de 2015 y, en su primer aà ±o, 830,000 migrantes indocumentados obtuvieron su licencia. Es decir, la mitad del total de conductores que obtuvieron su documento eran indocumentados. En este artà ­culo se explica en 7 puntos lo que se debe de tener en cuenta y que facilita entender todos los pasos en la tramitacià ³n de la licencia, particularmente quà © documentacià ³n se puede presentar para probar identidad y residencia. Cà ³mo hacer una cita para los exmenes para sacar la licencia Marcar al 1-800-777 o ingresar en la pgina oficial de DMV de California (en espaà ±ol). Y asà ­ cerrar la cita. Antes de hacer gestiones para sacar la licencia, tener muy presente que si se ha utilizado una licencia bajo un nombre falso, eso es delito de fraude y podrà ­a ocasionar problemas. En estos casos, consultar con un abogado o una organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes para estudiar el caso. Quà © hay que hacer ANTES de cerrar la cita para los exmenes Si en el momento de solicitar la licencia de conducir  se tienen  tickets (multas)  sin pagar no se podr obtener. Hay que pagar la totalidad de lo que se debe o, si es mucho, cerrar un acuerdo para pagar a plazos. Recordar que las condenas por DIU (manejando mientras intoxicado por alcohol y drogas) es una falta grave, est incluida entre las causas que convierten a un inmigrante en prioridad para deportacià ³n.   Quà © exmenes hay que rendir para sacar la licencia Son necesarios dos exmenes:  uno de manejar y otro de conocimientos sobre leyes de trfico, seà ±ales, etc. Este examen de conocimientos se puede rendir en inglà ©s y tambià ©n en otros idiomas, como el espaà ±ol o el mixteco, el trique y otras lenguas indà ­genas.  En la pgina web de DMV hay ejemplos de exmenes de manejo  que se pueden utilizar para practicar. Tambià ©n se puede acudir a organizaciones sin fin de lucro  que brindan servicios para preparar el test. Quà © documentacià ³n se necesita para que los indocumentados puedan obtener una licencia de manejar en California Entre los documentos que se necesitan para sacar la licencia de conducir habr que mostrar los que prueben  la identidad del inmigrante  y tambià ©n los que  prueben que efectivamente reside  en el estado de California: Para identificarse: Suficiente UN (1)  documento: Tarjeta Federal Electoral vlida de Mà ©xico. Si no se tiene, mirar las siguientes opciones.O mostrar dos (2) documentos de entre los siguientes: Tarjeta de identificacià ³n vlida de Guatemala, Tarjeta de identificacià ³n vlida de Perà º, pasaporte extranjero vlido de cualquier paà ­s, tarjeta ID con foto emitida por el gobierno federal, tarjeta consular de Mà ©xico, Ecuador o Guatemala. En estos casos el DMV comprobar con el gobierno que emitià ³ el documento que es verdadero. Por ejemplo, chequear con los consulados sobre la tarjeta consular y con los gobiernos extranjeros sobre los pasaportes. Si no es posible obtener dos de esos documentos, entonces:O mostrar dos (2) documentos de entre los siguientes: Pasaporte extranjero expirado, pero que tiene una fecha de emisià ³n de 2005 o posterior, o un certificado de nacimiento que ha sido emitido  en los à ºltimos seis meses a la fecha de aplicacià ³n de la licencia por la autoridad del paà ­ s en el que se nacià ³ y que adems tiene una foto del aplicante y que adems est traducida al inglà ©s por el consulado y contiene una certificado con Apostilla. O una tarjeta I.D. emitida por el gobierno federal con una foto actual. Si tampoco es posible obtener estos documentos: O solicitar una entrevista con un investigador del DMV  que puede tener en cuenta documentos diversos como  transcrips  de escuela con fecha de nacimiento de solicitante, aplicacià ³n de asilo,  forma I-20 para estudiantes internacionales, forma DS-2019 para los que han tenido una visa J-1, licencias de matrimonio y/o divorcio, licencias de manejo de otros paà ­ses, planillas de impuestos, etc. Antes de presentar estos papeles verificar las caracterà ­sticas que deben tener en cuanto a idioma, traduccià ³n, fechas, fotos, autoridad que las emite, etc. Documentos para probar la residencia en California Presentar uno (1) de los siguientes documentos: Escritura de hipotecaLease  de vivienda con fecha de inicio del alquiler y firmas del inquilino y del arrendador.Tà ­tulos de propiedades inmobiliarias.Facturas de  utilities  con direccià ³n y nombre.Rà ©cords mà ©dicosRà ©cords de pago de impuestos federales o al estado de CaliforniaRà ©cords de pago de impuestos sobre bienes raà ­ces (property tax bill)Confirmacià ³n de cambio de direccià ³n emitido por el Servicio de Correos (forma CNI. 107)Licencia de matrimonio o documentos sobre parejas civiles (domestic partners) con la direccià ³n de residencia.Rà ©cords de bancosDocumentos emitidos por el gobierno federal Los padres o guardianes de  menores de edad  puede testificar en la  aplicacià ³n el lugar de residencia del menor. Todo lo que hay que saber sobre la mayorà ­a de edad en Estados Unidos. Cul es el costo El  costo  de la licencia es de  $33. Para quà © puede utilizarse esta licencia de manejar La licencia de manejar para indocumentados de California sà ³lo se podr utilizar para conducir y para comprar un seguro para el auto. No puede utilizarse como I.D. para, por ejemplo, abrir una cuenta en un banco. Hay que saber que la licencia para indocumentados luce distinta de la que tienen el resto de californianos. En la parte frontal tiene escrito la frase (FEDERAL LIMITS APPLY) y por eso es fcil identificarla.   A tener en cuenta Estar alerta y evitar fraudes, por ejemplo, comprar para uso errà ³neo una licencia internacional de manejar. Si se viaja a menos de 100 millas de la frontera es posible encontrarse en carretera con un control migratorio interno. Y si se es detenido o arrestado (manejando o de otra manera) estos son 7 derechos que tienen los indocumentados. Por à ºltimo, California es el estado con ms inmigrantes indocumentados en todo Estados Unidos con ms de 2.4 millones de personas en esa situacià ³n migratoria. Reconociendo esa realidad,muchas ciudades han optado por proteger a todos los miembros de su comunidad mediante una polà ­tica de ciudades santuario  y tambià ©n reconociendo beneficios sociales. Disfrutar California Por à ºltimo, para las personas que residen o visitan California, puede ser de interà ©s estas 7  recomendaciones para obtener boletos baratos para Disneyland, en Anaheim, California. Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal. Sà ³lo tienen carcter informativo.

Discuss the reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes . what were the problems Essay

Discuss the reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes . what were the problems in Athenian society that made reform necessary how did th - Essay Example Additionally, Solon divided society into four classes—each of which were based on wealth. The two highest classes were allowed to serve on the Areopagus, which was the highest council of Athens. The third class were permitted to serve on elected councils, and the lowest class was able to take part in the assembly, which brought affairs to the elected council. On the other hand, Cleisthenes developed a constitution in order to make Athens a democracy. Cleisthenes is commonly referred to the founder of democracy in Athens for this very reason. This constitution was loosely based on the ideas of Solon, but Cleisthenes expanded on them. As part of the new constitution, all men aged 18 years and older were registered as Athenian citizens and became members of their village. This was a significant step in the evolution of Athenian society because these new citizens were each allowed to vote, thus giving them power over elected officials. At that time women were not considered citize ns of Athenian society, and because of this they did not have any voting powers. The council that was established worked as the chief arm of the government and had full executive and administrative power. Any citizen aged over 30 was qualified to be part of this council. Each year the members of the council were picked at random. The Assembly had the power to veto any of the council’s decisions.

Tort - Negligence Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tort - Negligence Assessment - Essay Example Other relevant legislations which have been made and may be applicable to this case may also be included in the catchword. The purpose of the catchwords is to help one summarise at a glance, the facts surrounding a court case. The same are also used in compiling case reports. Mostly, legal publishers are the ones who make the catchwords as parts of the head notes and summaries surrounding a case. The key facts are summarised in case reports and are summarised include the head note, the citation of the case and the law reporter. Sometimes, the Latin or law French are mentioned. All these are listed in the line which specifies whether the case is first instance or is on appeal. If this is the case, catchwords may come after the names of the judges and the hearing and judgement dates, respectively. The legal publisher or any person working for legal publisher may write this report or catchword. The part of the report may either be referred to by its self-titled name, catchwords or catchphrases. Apart from the aforementioned facts surrounding the case, the legal publisher will have to specify whether the case is taking place for the first time, or is an appeal or cross appeal. The key issue on which the court had to decide is the duty of care, and whether or not the defendant had fully met it. In this case, the use of negligent misstatements and negligent preparation of reports for a company serve as key issue. Apart from the general provisions of the common law, it will be important to consider the principle of Hedley Byrne v Heller in constructing a sound verdict. Initially, the courts made a ruling in favour of the auditors, saying that the auditors did not owe the plaintiffs any duty of care. The Court of Appeal ruled in favour of the plaintiff, saying that the auditors owed the plaintiffs duty of care as shareholders. Finally, the cross-appeal by the auditors made a ruling in favour of the auditors, observing

Impact of Technology on Our Society Essay Example for Free

Impact of Technology on Our Society Essay When we speak of the impact of technology on society, we always talk about the positive effects of technology and about how technology has made life easy. We talk about the Internet as an information resource and a communication platform and conveniently ignore the fact that an overexposure to it leads to Internet addiction. We often discuss how technology has made life easy but easily forget that it has made us overly dependent on it. Have you thought of the impact of technology from this point of view? I am sure, most of you havent. Let us look at this aspect of technology here. Think of the days when there were no computers and no modern means of transport. Human life was highly restricted due to the unavailability of technological applications. Daily life involved a lot of physical activity. Life of the common man was not as luxurious as that of modern times, but he was more active. Exercise was integrated into routine physical activities. It was contrary to the sedentary lifestyle of today, which leaves no time for exercise and fills days with inactivity and laze. Today we dont want to, and thanks to technology, dont even need to, walk, move around or exert physically to get things done. We have the world is at our fingertips. We think of technology as a boon to society. I am afraid; its not completely a boon. The Internet has bred many unethical practices like hacking, spamming and phishing. Internet crime is on the rise. The Internet, being an open platform lacks regulation. There is no regulation on the content displayed on websites. Internet gambling has become an addiction for many. Overexposure to the Internet has taken its toll. In this virtual world, you can be who you are not, you can be virtually living even after you die. Isnt this weird? Children are spending all their time playing online and less or almost no time playing on the ground. Youngsters are spending most of their time social networking, missing on the joys of real social life. Think of the days when there were no online messengers, no emails and no cell phones. Indeed cellular technology made it possible for us to communicate over wireless media. Web communication facilities have worked wonders in speeding long-distance communication. On the other hand, they have deprived mankind of the warmth of personal contact. Emails replaced handwritten letters and communication lost its personal touch. With the means of communication so easily accessible, that magic in waiting to reach someone and the excitement that followed have vanished. Moreover, we have become excessively dependent on technology. Is so much of dependency good? Is it right to rely on machines to such an extent? Is it right to depend on computers rather than relying on human intellect? Computer technology and robotics are trying to substitute for human intellect. With the fast advancing technology, we have started harnessing artificial intelligence in many fields. Where is the digital divide going to take us? How is our tomorrow going to be? Machines replacing human beings does not portray a rosy picture, does it? It can lead to serious issues like unemployment and crime. An excessive use of machines in every field can result in an under-utilization of human brains. Over time, we may even lose our intellectual abilities. You know of the declining mathematical abilities in children due to use of calculators since school, dont you? The impact of technology on society is deep. It is both positive and negative. Technology has largely influenced every aspect of living. It has made life easy, but so easy that it may lose its charm one day. One can cherish an accomplishment only if it comes after effort. But everything has become so easily available due to technology that it has lost its value. There is a certain kind of enjoyment in achieving things after striving for them. But with everything a few clicks away, there is no striving, theres only striking. With the developments in technology, we may be able to enjoy all the pricey luxuries in life but at the cost of losing its priceless joys.

African American Family Structure Essay -- Culture Cultural Educationa

African American Family Structure Effects of African American Family Structure on School Attitudes and Performance In today's world, there is such a big emphasis on education and its importance. And there should be an emphasis. Unfortunately, not everyone has the same attitude about receiving a good education. This article attempts to discuss the attitudes of African American's towards education when a stable family structure is absent. Given, not all homes are the Cleaver family, but if a person really wants an education, they should try to concentrate on just that-their education. Parents have a huge responsibility in that if they have children in a single-parent home, the parents attitude must be encouraging for the child. If the parents have a bad attitude or let their ... African American Family Structure Essay -- Culture Cultural Educationa African American Family Structure Effects of African American Family Structure on School Attitudes and Performance In today's world, there is such a big emphasis on education and its importance. And there should be an emphasis. Unfortunately, not everyone has the same attitude about receiving a good education. This article attempts to discuss the attitudes of African American's towards education when a stable family structure is absent. Given, not all homes are the Cleaver family, but if a person really wants an education, they should try to concentrate on just that-their education. Parents have a huge responsibility in that if they have children in a single-parent home, the parents attitude must be encouraging for the child. If the parents have a bad attitude or let their ...

Marketing Solution Essay

This paper will use a problem solving model to solve Classic Airline’s marketing problem. The company is suffering within the airline industry due to several factors, a couple being the massive increase of costs for fuel and labor. The resolution in conquering the airlines dilemma will be addressed in a comprehensive nine-step problem solving model. This model will include Defining the Problem, Gathering Facts, Feelings, and Opinion, Identifying the Real Problem, Generate Possible Solutions, Generate Possible Solutions, Evaluate Alternatives, Select Best Alternatives, Gain Approval and Support, Implement Decision and Evaluate Results. The factors of this difficulty in the marketing of this company will be identified, analyzed, followed by a robust decision on the strategy to resolve Classic Airlines’ crisis. Step One: The Problem There has been a reduction in employee morale (which is at an all time low), the increase in fuel and labor has contributed to the increase in expenses these factors have the airline in a tailspin within the industry. This is not all due to marketing the company can not be held accountable for the price of fuel nor can it take responsibility for the scrutiny on the airlines from the sectors of the economy outside of the airline industry. According to the American Marketing Association Board of Directors (2012), Marketing research is the function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process (Definition of Marketing Research, sec. 2). The research in marketing is vital to Classic Airline’s ability to correct most of its problems it will not only bring loyal customers back but provide other opportunities for the airline to further stabilize itself within the airline industry. The key to the research required for the airline is to be as in depth as possible with the opinion of the public, it will also require the company to find the most cost effective resources for fuel and labor. The research shows that economic conditions have contributed to a reduction of ticket purchases however it is not the price of the ticket that has caused the decline. Step Two: Gathering the Facts, Feelings and Opinions The position in the airline industry of Classic Airlines is that it is the 5th largest airline in the world. The leader with the airlines comprises more than 375 jets that travel to 240 cities and run in excess of 2,300 flights a day (University of Phoenix, 2012). The company employs about 32,000 professionals to maintain its massive operation. This industry colossal earned over $10 million in profit on $8. 7 billion in ticket sales. In spite of the leader position in the business Classic Airlines is experiencing some negative changes recently. In the last year, the Classic Reward Program saw a 19% decline in the number of members and the current members purchased 21% less flights (University of Phoenix, 2012). The feelings of the employees are based on the public’s opinion of the airline industry which has caused them to have doubts about their line of work and the stability of the business. The Labor Union is the focal point in gathering the feelings of the employees, which are the airline greatest assets. Classic Airlines can increase moral by addressing the employees’ labor contracts to show their staff that they are appreciated. During the Shareholders meeting the company officials can hear the opinions of the group of people that do not control the everyday operation of the company but provide vital capital to the airline. In many ways the opinion of the Shareholders are a direct reflection of the publics’ view of the industry and the company. Shareholders are the owners of a business and are the ultimate decision-makers on the direction of a company. While the management of a company has the day-to-day decision-making power, shareholders guide the strategy, financing and selection of management of the firm. In many cases, shareholders are the management of the firm (Azcentral. com 2013). The opinion of the upper management via the CEO, Amanda Miller, and CFO, Catherine Simpson, are strictly addressing the problem through looking at the numbers and trying to make adjustments accordingly. This is of the opposite opinion on the CMO, Kevin Boyle, who feels that marketing will regain the trust of the general public, the employees and the shareholders to increase confidence in the airline. The conflict for Classic Airlines lies in whether or not the vastly different opinions on how to provide a olution to the company can be merged or selectively decided upon. Step Three: Identify the Real Problem The facts have been gathered and it has previously been stated that the confidence in the industry has not been the same across the board. This is due to events that have nothing to do directly with the 5th largest airline in the world, Classic Airlines, or any other company in the business. The othe r side effect of the catastrophe of September 11th caused the economy to shift in a downward motion which triggered prices to rise. The effects of the economy and the disaster have caused a serious predicament in the increase in expenses for materials, fuel, labor, costs of goods and services, and labor which also reduced customer confidence. The Classic Rewards Program is suffering losses every year and the frequent flier association has suffered a loss of around 20% of its members (University of Phoenix, 2012). The feelings of the employees are likewise a reflection of the lack of confidence the general public feels towards the industry and Classic Airlines is not developing confidence by refusing to address its labor issues to stabilize their employees. The Shareholders are also not confident in the company not because it was not preserving its market share or position in the industry however the external factors caused them to be a bit more cautious in investing their money. The final real problem is the polarization in upper management which has to be resolved immediately to not only reflect a positive direction for shareholders but that will result in a solution that sets Classic Airlines apart from its competition. Another real problem for example, is the data system the company uses which is the Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) that has not been utilized properly and in doing so has allowed the company to not actualize what is causing their customer’s dissatisfaction. In correlation to the opinion of the CMO, Kevin Boyle, in addressing the needs of the customer could provide profitability and the ability to give their customers what they are lacking. The upper management should not look at this time as a number crunching session nor should it drift away in contentment. Conversely Classic Airline should take this opportunity to explore new ideas and options that will solidify the fact that they are one of the industry leaders for a reason. If all these real problems are address correctly the company will maintain or even increase its place in the airline industry. Step Four: Generate Possible Solutions There are several possibilities that will affect the profitability of the airline. They can merge with another airline or downsize the company by separating the domestic and international businesses with the possibility of selling off the lower producing divisions. Sell the less used planes and equipment to generate immediate income for the company to use in other areas. The shareholders can deem the Upper Management as underachieving and begin to replace them with what they would consider more qualified candidates, in hopes of getting into the correct position within the airline industry. Classic Airlines can concentrate its focus on the employees and customers to increase their confidence. The company could look at the financial picture of the company and make adjustments to make the streamline the firm. Selling off the plane and equipment may be risky because of the lack of customer confidence. Classic could also look to expand globally to gain a larger market share in the foreign market. The shareholder removing the Upper Management would be too time consuming and too much of a chance if in fact the replacement can not improve the missteps of the original managers. Concentrating on the employees and costumers may be the cornerstone of success for the company because the employees are already familiar with their duties and the customers were loyal in the past. This simply means that the pieces are already in place to stabilize the company but the strategies must be implemented. Step Five: Evaluate Alternatives Downsizing is almost like throwing in the towel for the 5th largest airline in the world and it probably would not be cost effective with the climate in the airline industry. Merging with another company within reason may help to increase the overall scope of the company if the opportunity to maintain market share was present. The company could streamline its resources and utilize every tool that is accessible to them in order to run a more efficient organization. Global expansion could bring in more revenue with a slight transference in the amount of flights from low producing locations. Step Six: Best Alternatives The solution to this vast problem within Classic Airlines starts with Upper Management. The management team needs to get on the same page, committed to gearing the company in a positive direction and being open minded then good things will follow for the company. The first problem to be addressed begins with the most valuable asset of any company, the employees. The CEO and CFO need to hold a meeting with the CMO to get an idea of why the employee moral is so low and what issues they have with the Labor Union. In doing so, they can form a strategy to allow the opinions of the employees to be heard but having themselves prepared to meet their employees’ demands and needs within reason. The next step in providing a possible solution is to gather as much data on the customers as possible to get them back to flying with Classic. The Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) needs to have a direct Administrator that is specifically in charge of gathering data about the customers. This information plays a major role in exploring the customer’s needs and wants. The administrator will provide the information to Upper Management so they will be informed of why they are loosing business yearly. Once the information is collected and documented management can strategize on meeting the customer’s needs. The airline may have to give away a few trips, coupons, provide better seating or more beer on longer flights, nonetheless if the company provides what the customer demands it will surely gain the business that it has lost and probably more than anticipated. Classic Airlines would not exist without its customers or its employees, therefore these problems should be address immediately. According to new research from the University of Missouri (MU), CEOs who pay attention to employees’ job satisfaction are able to boost both customer satisfaction and increase the number of customers who intend to do repeat business with the company (www. usinessnewsdaily. com 2013). The next problem can be solved by executing the previous solutions which will gain confidence in the marketplace and peak the interest of potential investors to start looking into Classic Airlines once again. Upper Management needs to hold a Shareholders meeting to address the changes that were identified in the two previous solutions and what that has provided for the company’s revenue potential. Hold the meeting will show the investors that they are up for the task as Upper Management and provide the investors with the confidence that hey desperately needed in the airline. The CMO, Keith Boyle has a former colleague, Osef Wymann, Marketing Executive of Skyway Airlines in Switzerland that can expand the business globally (University of Phoenix 2012). This opportunity can increase the European scope of the company and allow for growth in that arena. Implementing these solutions could increase the total profitability of Classic Airlines and curtail the financial difficulties that the company is currently confronting. Step Seven: Gain Approval and Support The solutions provided in the previous section would be presented to Upper Management, Employees and Shareholders alike. The company as a whole would be an open book and all opinions are addressed and heard throughout the process. It is the job of Upper Management to research and know the concerns of all contributors to the operation of the company. In any given situation everyone will not agree, however if the collect issues are addressed and met then the ideals, goals and expectations are set and should be fairly easy to implement. Step Eight: Implement Decision After Upper Management has gained the support of all of its contributors it is now time to implement the solutions. Weekly meetings will be held by all departments of the airline with all employees to reiterate what the goals of the company are moving forward. There will be monthly meetings with mid and upper management to discuss the results of the meetings and gather data on the success and the short comings. The CRM administrator should provide a daily report to the executives of Classic Airlines to insure customer satisfaction. The international venture with Skyway Airlines will be supervised by the CMO selecting a staff and monitoring the successes or failures. Eventually this will be removed as a responsibility of the CMO but because of the relationship he has with the executive of Skyway it would make sense for him to begin the business model. It is imperative that Upper Management address the labor Union and the shareholders to make sure their needs are being met on a quarterly basis. Step Nine: Evaluate Results In every facet of Classic Airlines there will be surveys, customer service inquiries, polling, advertisement offering a toll free customer service number, internet contact information for opinions on the customer’s experience. In every meeting room from the local employees’ weekly meeting to the quarterly shareholder gala there will be comment cards and surveys. This data will be collected and put into document form so that Upper Management will remain aware of there level of success. With all of these provisions in place Classic Airline is sure to overcome its current problems and fly above the competition.

Assess the view that factors and processes within the school are the main cause Essay

Many sociologists argue that â€Å"factors and processes within school are the main cause of difference† These factors include gender, class and ethnicity. All of these things can lead to certain stereotypes and labels being forced upon pupils. The idea that Teachers have certain expectations of different social and ethnic groups means that self-fulfilling prophecy can lead to pupils living out positive and negative labels. The role of gender in educational achievement is that in past times it has been that boys have achieved less than girls in school, this could be that boys have a history of ‘laddish’ behaviour and have had a negative attitude to learning. This had also led to teachers expectations of ‘lads’ to be low which has caused negative stereotypes and labels. All of these things have in turn caused many anti-school subcultures. Jackson did a study about how this ‘laddish’ behaviour is now being seen in some girls which could in fact mean that it is not only boys that have these negative labels but also girls. Another factor that may influence the achievement of girls is that girls now have a lot of higher role models and more opportunities in the future; this can lead to them working harder because they can see themselves being successful in the future. Another In-school factor would be ethnicity, different ethnic groups achieve better than others in education, for example the highest achieving ethnic group is British Chinese and the lowest would be black African Caribbean boys. The reasons for these differences in achievement could be linked to family morals and attitudes to school. Teachers also have expectations of different ethnic groups which again, like gender can lead to positive and negative labels and stereotypes. The curriculum in schools could also lead to this due to it being ethnocentric. Differences in class an play a crucial role in the achievement between different classes, for example working class children do not have as much cultural capital as middle class children and this can play a vital part in how they achieve at school, due to teachers expectations of how they behave and achieve. The idea of the hidden curriculum means that schools are preparing students for middle class jobs with middle class ideas. Also the idea that middle class teachers get on better with idle class students also reinforces the idea of teacher’s expectations which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecy and students either over or under achieving. One more in-school factor would be pupil subcultures and how streaming and setting can lead to both anti and pro school subcultures, This again links to the idea of self-fulfilling prophecy and that students may either reject their labels or follow them. The organisation of the school can also be closely linked to class and how students may be put into lower streams or sets due to their social background and how teachers perceive them. Home backgrounds of students also contribute to a large part of their achievement. The differences in class can lead to many home disadvantages such as material deprivation which means that students do not have enough money for resources such as private tutors, laptops, trips or uniforms; this will give them a disadvantage compared to middle class students. Working class students may also have other responsibilities to attend to such as looking after siblings or even disabled parents; this means that they do not have as much time to spend on studying. Parent’s attitudes towards school and education can also prove to be an impact, if a parent has a negative attitude to school and learning then the child will not have as much pressure or ambition to do as well. This idea of parent expectations links closely with ethnicity and how different ethnic groups view educarion. In conclusion there are many in school processes that can influence the achievement of children such as gender and how girls and boys are perceived and what teachers expect of them. Another would be Class and how working and middle class students achieve differently due to aspects of school life like the hidden curriculum. Also ethnicity and the expectations and ideas about certain groups like the British Chinese. There are also a lot of out of school factors such as home background, material deprivation and parents’ expectations. Overall I believe that the both in school factors and out of school factors contribute to the differences in educational achievement of different social groups.

The role of occupational therapists in mental health care.

The role of occupational therapists in mental health care. "The role of occupational therapists in mental health care"One of the main reasons why it has become necessary to look in more detail at the role of occupational therapists in mental health care is the changing role of health care professionals in general which has taken place in the past decades and which has led to a re-structuring of the health care industry as a whole. As Thorner (1991) and Lloyd et al (1998) have pointed out, there have been significant changes in the way that health care is structured, in terms of the welfare versus the consumer model, and as a result there is an increasing emphasis on community-based care initiatives and the autonomy of the health care recipient. Consequently, professionals in various fields of mental health care are re-evaluating their roles, both in terms of their own professional competence in relation to others in the same field and with reference to their interaction with their patients.House Republican Press Conference on Health Care R.. .Greaves et al (2002) make the point that the move towards community initiatives has tended to erode the earlier bureaucratic model of institutionalized health care, which in turn has meant that community based workers have a higher profile in the field as a whole, and are having to develop a greater degree of autonomy. The competence of mental health workers, and the way in which they perceive themselves, has therefore come under greater scrutiny. Greaves's study suggests that occupational therapists are for the most part coping well with the changes in approaches to service delivery, and have a higher efficacy rating than other, comparable groups in the health care industry. She also notes that occupational therapists show a high level of adaptability, in the sense that they are capable of learning new skills in the course of their practice, and from...

Biography of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau

Biography of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau Pierre Trudeau had a commanding intellect and was attractive, aloof and arrogant. He had a vision of a united Canada that included both English and French as equals, with a strong federal government, based on a just society. Prime Minister of Canada 1968-79, 1980-84 Highlights as Prime Minister Repatriation of the Constitution (video from CBC Digital Archives)Charter of Rights and FreedomsOfficial Languages Act and bilingualism in CanadaSocial welfare programs expandedIntroduction of multiculturalism policyCanadian content programsAppointed Jeanne Sauvà © the first woman Speaker of the House of Commons in 1980, and then the first woman Governor General of Canada in 1984 Birth: October 18, 1918, in Montreal, Quebec Death: September 28, 2000, in Montreal, Quebec Education: BA - Jean de Brà ©beuf College, LL.L - Università © de Montrà ©al, MA, Political Economy - Harvard University, École des sciences politiques, Paris, London School of Economics Professional Career: Lawyer, university professor, author Political Affiliation: Liberal Party of Canada Riding (Electoral Districts): Mount Royal Early Days of Pierre Trudeau Pierre Trudeau was from a well-to-do family in Montreal. His father was a French-Canadian businessman, His mother was of Scottish ancestry, and although bilingual, spoke English at home. After his formal education, Pierre Trudeau traveled extensively. He returned to Quebec, where he provided support to the unions in the Asbestos Strike. In 1950-51, he worked for a short time in the Privy Council Office in Ottawa. Returning to Montreal, he became co-editor and a dominant influence in the journal Cità © Libre. He used the journal as a platform for his political and economic views on Quebec. In 1961, Trudeau worked as a law professor at the Università © de Montrà ©al. With nationalism and separatism growing in Quebec, Pierre Trudeau argued for a renewed federalism, and he began to consider turning to federal politics. Trudeaus Beginnings in Politics In 1965, Pierre Trudeau, with Quebec labor leader Jean Marchand and newspaper editor Gà ©rard Pelletier, became candidates in the federal election called by Prime Minister Lester Pearson. The Three Wise Men all won seats. Pierre Trudeau became the Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister and later Justice Minister. As Justice Minister, his reform of divorce laws, and liberalization of laws on abortion, homosexuality and public lotteries, brought him national attention. His strong defense of federalism against nationalist demands in Quebec also attracted interest. Trudeaumania In 1968 Lester Pearson announced he would resign as soon as a new leader could be found, and Pierre Trudeau was persuaded to run. Pearson gave Trudeau the principal seat at the federal-provincial constitutional conference and he got nightly news coverage. The leadership convention was close, but Trudeau won and became prime minister. He immediately called an election. It was the 60s. Canada was just coming out of a year of centennial celebrations and Canadians were upbeat. Trudeau was attractive, athletic and witty and the new Conservative leader Robert Stanfield seemed slow and dull. Trudeau led the Liberals to a majority government. Trudeau Government in the 70s In government, Pierre Trudeau made it clear early on that he would be increasing the francophone presence in Ottawa. Major positions in cabinet and in the Privy Council Office were given to francophones. He also put an emphasis on regional economic development and streamlining the Ottawa bureaucracy. An important new piece of legislation passed in 1969 was the Official Languages Act, which is designed to ensure that the federal government is able to provide services to English- and French-speaking Canadians in the language of their choice. There was a good deal of backlash to the threat of bilingualism in English Canada, some of which remains today, but the Act seems to be doing its job. The biggest challenge was the October Crisis in 1970. British diplomat James Cross and Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte were kidnapped by the Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec (FLQ) terrorist organization. Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act, which cut civil liberties temporarily. Pierre Laporte was killed shortly afterward, but James Cross was freed. Trudeaus government also made attempts to centralize decision-making in Ottawa, which was not very popular. Canada was facing inflation and unemployment pressures, and the government was reduced to a minority in the 1972 election. It continued to govern with the help of the NDP. In 1974 the Liberals were back with a majority. The economy, especially inflation, was still a big problem, and Trudeau introduced mandatory Wage and Price Controls in 1975. In Quebec, Premier Robert Bourassa and the Liberal provincial government had introduced its own Official Language Act, backing off of bilingualism and making the province of Quebec officially unilingual French. In 1976 Renà © Là ©vesque led the Parti Quà ©becois (PQ) to victory. They introduced Bill 101, much stronger French legislation than Bourassas. The federal Liberals narrowly lost the 1979 election to Joe Clark and the Progressive Conservatives. A few months later Pierre Trudeau announced he was resigning as Liberal Party leader. However, just three weeks later, the Progressive Conservatives lost a confidence vote in the House of Commons and an election was called. The Liberals persuaded Pierre Trudeau to stay on as Liberal leader. In early 1980, Pierre Trudeau was back as Prime Minister, with a majority government. Pierre Trudeau and the Constitution Shortly after the 1980 election, Pierre Trudeau was leading the federal Liberals in the campaign to defeat the PQ proposal in the 1980 Quebec Referendum on Sovereignty-Association. When the NO side won, Trudeau felt he owed Quebeckers constitutional change. When the provinces disagreed among themselves about the patriation of the constitution, Trudeau got the backing of the Liberal caucus and told the country that he would act unilaterally. Two years of federal-provincial constitutional wrangling later, he had a compromise and the Constitution Act, 1982 was proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa on April 17, 1982. It guaranteed minority language and education rights and entrenched a charter of rights and freedoms that satisfied nine provinces, with the exception of Quebec. It also included an amending formula and a notwithstanding clause which allowed parliament or a provincial legislature to opt out of specific sections of the charter.

Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem Solving - Essay Example Because service quality depends on the kind of police officers, appropriate recruitment and selection is inevitable. This paper explores problems in recruitment of police using different problem solving techniques and suggest possible ways of improving the recruitment process. This technique involves disintegrating main problems into sub-problems. When dealing with complicated problems, individuals usually have the tendency to work swiftly at given points and drag in some. Smaller problems are usually easier to tackle because the underlying solution paths are usually few. This problem-solving technique is particularly useful for popular problems. For instance, in the police force, a problem of inefficiency in service delivery can be broken down into lack of diversity and improper selection and recruitment process, which can then be handled effectively in accordance with set sub-goals. This technique is usually common with individuals working in groups. It involves suggesting a wide pool of possible solutions and integrating the suggested solutions until an optimum alternative is obtained. This strategy involves putting many alternative solutions under test until the most appropriate one is obtained. The problem solver tries different possible solutions until the right solution is found. This strategy emphasizes that the problem solver should progress toward his goal. The main feature of this problem-solving technique is that a course leading to goal state. The strategy is however, frail because the right path usually winds about and far from the goal state prior to eventually returning to it. In making a decision to ensure effective recruitment process in the police with central focus on recruiting from different ethnic backgrounds, the main problem is how many recruits should be taken from different ethnic communities to constitute a perfect diverse police force. Including more recruits from minority communities

Financial planning cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial planning cover letter - Essay Example Your current debts include your truck loan of $25,000, car loan of $18,000, credit card balances of $2,100 and student loan balances of $8,000. Considering your cash inflow and expenses it is possible to repay all the debts in a period of four years by paying $112.74 instead of the current $91.92 in Mike’s Student loan, $67.64 instead of the current $55.15 on Debbie’s student loan, paying 64.08 instead of the minimum $58.63 on the credit cards and maintaining the current payments on the truck and car monthly payments. To repay the debts in 4 years you will have to pay a total of $1243.50 per month. Considering the minimum debt payment rates, you are currently incurring a cost of $1243.50 per month given the high interest rates on your debts, that is, 4% on student loans, 19% on both credit cards, 6.5% on the truck loan and 9.5% on the car loan. A consolidated loan would have a lower interest rate and would cost you $1,245.53 per month and hence result in a $38.53 savings per month and hence it would be advisable to take the consolidated loan and pay for all your debts since this will enable you save more money. It will also cost you less in 4 years paying for the loan as compared to your current debts. Another strategy in meeting your goals will be to reduce your expenses on Internet, clothing, entertainment, restaurant, and miscellaneous expenses. From the revised cashflow you can easily see the new recommended rates on the above expenses where savings of; $250 are made on clothes, $425 on entertainment, $105 on restaurant and $175.42 on miscellaneous expenses resulting to $955.42 savings per month. The new debt payments system and the savings on expenses will enable you meet your goal of paying RESP for your son amounting to $210, save $400, Pay a life insurance policy of $250, and pay an emergency fund of $156.39 monthly. I therefore gladly inform you that it is possible to meet your financial goals, of paying your existing

Morality in Education and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Speech or Presentation

Morality in Education and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Speech or Presentation Example And this is similar to the way that the laws of science work in nature, laws of logic work for reason – all this means that there also exists a moral order. It is vital that we once again believe in a superior, unchanging moral order, and give it a proper and important place in the educational process. And this is why several people feel that morality education should be taught in schools. And this is not it. Schools also hold the responsibility to guide children in the step by step development procedure, and developing morals and ethical principles leads to proper development. Thus, it is indeed the responsibility of the school that it educates the children regarding the morals. It is important for moral education to be started very early on so that the morals are instilled in the child permanently. Moral education should begin at home and continue in school. However, it does not end there. It continues throughout a person’s life as he is involved in various situations and circumstances. The social forces continue to teach man about how to act morally and change and influence him. Moral education helps a person make appropriate decisions; it tells him the difference between right and wrong. One thing, however, is to be noted that morality is an abstract notion and everyone has a different view of it and the teacher will pass on to their students what they have in their mind. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is for the guarantee of the rights and freedoms of the people in Canada. They cannot be restricted by law, within limits that are reasonable and evidently justified in a free and independent society. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms takes care of human rights in Canada. The Charter is part of the law and the Constitution of Canada. The federal government is not allowed to arbitrarily change anything in the charter. She is also a paramount to the laws of any province or territory. The Ch arter makes sure that everyone in Canada is able to enjoy certain basic freedoms which are these: They have a right to any religion and freedom of conscience They are not restricted regarding their thought, religion and expression and they have freedom of media, such as press They have no restrictions regarding any peaceful assembly they want They are allowed to associate with whomsoever they wish (for example, membership in the union) These rights are known as fundamental freedoms since they are the basic rights allowed to every person living in Canada. However, the Charter does allow the Parliament to temporarily restrict some or all of these freedoms in certain situations; for instance the people may not be allowed the freedom of assembly when there is a war. Although the Charter gives the right of freedom of speech, student councils in majority of Canadian secondary schools are closely monitored and restricted by school administrations. So, basically, students do not have comple te rights over their speech, assembly or publishing what they want to. That means the Charter is not valid in this case although the courts may ask schools for justification regarding the limitations. Limiting students’ rights may be a good thing and also may not work out well. Good because it is important to take care of and maintain discipline in schools and educational institutions; and if students are given complete freedom they may take advantage of that. The bad part is

Internationalization Strategies | Suzuki and Essel Propack

Internationalization Strategies | Suzuki and Essel Propack 1) Introduction Of the many internationalization theories posited, the Uppsala model (Cavusgil, 1980, Johanson Vahlne, 1977) stands out as the most popular and will form the basis of this analysis of this analysis of the internationalization strategy adopted by the companies mentioned in this case study. This model hypothesizes the internationalization process is a result of an epistemic understanding of the internationalization market. The internationalization process is a result of a gradual improvement in the understanding of the international and takes place in a linear sequential fashion. In essence, The Uppsala model construes internationalization intent as an outcome of the psychic distance between two locations i.e similarities between markets in terms of business culture and market understanding influence the decision to penetrate that market (Johanson Vahlne, 1977). The Uppsala model consists of the following stages:- †¢ Need Based Sporadic Exports †¢ Regular Exports through Independent Agents †¢ Creation of subsidiaries abroad to commercialize their product †¢ Producing their products abroad 2) Companies Analyzed The companies that I have selected to analyze are:- a. Essel Propack ( Indian sub-continent Tubing Industry ) b. Suzuki ( Japan Automobiles) The companies have been selected primarily due to convenience of data available online and the fact that both companies are held by parents which operate in major international markets. 3) Essel Propack The case study reveals how a company (Essel Propack) based in an emerging market transforms into an innovative, high-tech industry and a leading player in the tubing industry. A large number of firms from developing markets are now tuning into international markets with the intent of turning into multinationals. These firms are giving substantial competition to existing multinational companies from developed countries. Starting from a developing country, Essel Propack today has twenty-four manufacturing facilities in 13 countries, and has a compelling 32 per cent (estimated) global market share. Clearly then, it has emerged as the leading specialty packaging company in the world. The key to the success of EPLs internationalization strategy has been to effectively use acquisitions to grow and rapidly expand. Acquisitions make it easy to quickly own market knowledge effectively. Access to market knowledge is facilitated by owning a subsidiary abroad as the first penetration point. 4.I. Packaging industry and market dynamics With increasing competition and a wide spectrum of indistinguishable products the quest to own a differentiator has moved to packaging in several consumer product industries. Packaging has become a crucial part of the overall product and differentiation strategy. Companies are paying more attention towards packaging in a bid to garner more recognition/recall share which ultimately leads to realising better revenues. The global packaging industry is estimated to be US $580 billion with a 5 per cent growth per annum. Polymers are central ingredient for modern packaging because polymers offer a number of advantages such as cost effectiveness including logistic cost, lower weight, convenient handling, minimum wastage, more compatibility with designs and aesthetics. Polymers are preferred to many other packaging options like glass, jute, paper, metals and wood. Such is the demand that packaging now accounts for about 25 per cent of total global polymer demand. Tubes are a special form of packaging and find application in oral care, healthcare, cosmetics and toiletries, hair care, pharmaceutical, food and some industrial products. There are mainly three categories of tubes used for packaging applications namely aluminum, laminate and plastic. Tube packaging began with aluminum tubes which are now being increasingly replaced by laminated and plastic tubes. 36 billion tubes per year are manufactured globally out of which 42% are aluminum tubes, 39% billion are laminated tubes and 19% are plastic tubes. The Tube packaging industry has become extremely competitive in recent years and several changes have occurred in its structure: †¢ Capacities have been consolidated by customers by global sourcing options †¢ Increased Competition that has led to downward pressure on pricing †¢ Increased bargaining powers of the buyers †¢ Pressure to keep up with the rapid technological change This has led to regional players being marginalized and having to either merge with larger players or operate only in specialized niche markets. A direct outcome of the consolidation is that the global laminate industry is now dominated by big three players EPL, Alcan and Betts. 4.II. Essel Propack Origins Growth Story EPL is a part of the Essel Group headed by Subhash Chandra which also owns Zee Entertainment Enterprises (the largest media and Entertainment Company in India). EPL was incorporated in 1982 and started production in 1984. The company was the first in India to enter the laminated tubes business. In 2004, it entered the plastic tubes industry. 2006 saw the company make its first acquisition and forayed turned to business of medical devices by evolving 2 medical devices- one based in USA and the other in Singapore. Again in 2006, Essel Propack (EP) penetrated the specialty packaging materials industry by acquiring a South India based company. As on today, EPL is the worlds largest packaging company with manufacturing of laminated and seamless tubes having a wide variety of applications in cosmetics, personnel care, pharmaceutical, oral care and food and industrial sectors. The client base is enviable with several multinational clients as well as domestic ones. Not only that, it has succ essfully managed to create production facilities in countries like China, USA, UK, Russia, Germany, Mexico, Colombia, Philippines, Indonesia, Egypt, Poland and Singapore and of course India. As mentioned earlier with an estimated 32% global market share it is the undisputable leader in the laminated tubes market. In 2001, Essel Packaging (Guangzhou) Ltd, the Chinese subsidiary of EPL, was awarded the ‘‘Most Reliable Enterprise of 2001; In 2006, Essel Propack was a mentioned in Forbes Asias Annual Best Under Billion Companies. Clearly, then Essel Propack has emerged as the one of the worlds best in a relatively short span. From the revenue charts over the years, it can be clearly seen that growth has been incremental but real tapering off in recent years due to the economic slowdown. The segment revenue as on 31.12.2008 is as follows:- 4.III. The phases of growth The first phase was began in 1984, when the company began catering to the packaging needs of the oral care industry by manufacturing tubes and converting aluminum tube users into laminated tubes. Slowly the company also began to serve other related industries such as cosmetics, toiletries, industrial products etc. The second phase started in 1992 with setting up its first overseas venture in Egypt. The third phase saw EPL penetrate the plastic tubes industry with the acquisition of Arista Tubes, UK. The fourth phase marked the entry into medical devices in 2006 by acquiring Tacpro Inc., USA and Avalon Medical Devices, Singapore. It also entered into specialty packaging for personnel care and food industries with the acquisition of Packaging India Pvt Ltd, a leading specialty packaging material company in south India. The company has largely followed Acquisition combined with setting up subsidiaries as a primary medium of rapid expansion. Following are the some of the milestones years in the growth path:- †¢ In 1993, EPL sets up its first overseas venture in Egypt. †¢ In 1997, the company forms a wholly owned subsidiary in Guangzhou, China †¢ In 1999, EPL set up a joint venture in Dresden, Germany. †¢ In 2000, EPL acquires the tubing operations of the Propack group (4th largest laminated tube manufacturer in the world). †¢ In 2003, EPL sets up a manufacturing plant at Danville, USA, to serve Proctor Gambles North American operations. †¢ In 2004, EPL forms Beri-Essel Closures Pvt Ltd a joint venture with a German company Bericap Holding GmbH to manufacture hi-tech closures. †¢ In August 2004, EPL acquires Arista Tubes, UKS leading seamless plastic tubes manufacturer †¢ In 2005, EPs plant in Russia began its commercial operations. Acquires another laminated tube manufacturing company named Telcon Packaging Limited in UK †¢ In 2006, the company enters the Medical Devices industry by acquiring Tacpro Inc., USA, and Avalon Medical Services, Singapore. †¢ In August 2006, the company makes its plans known to set up a plastic tubes plant in Poland. †¢ In August 2006, EP acquired Packaging India, based in the southern part of India. 4.IV. Internationalization Strategy of Essel Propack The Internalization strategy of Essel Propack is clearly the outcome of an aggressive acquisition led plan backed by the finances of the Essel Group. This suggests that the Internationalization process can be substantially accelerated with readily available funding. Each market that EPL serves has a manufacturing plant installed that serves the host country as well as others that are its neighbors. In the Uppsala model Essel Propack is at the 4th Stage where it has the capacity of producing its products abroad. This has been the outcome of its market knowledge gathered since 1984 or over a period of 25 odd years. The clearly shows that Essel Propack has grown by incremental knowledge about the markets it operates in. 4) Suzuki Suzuki Motor Corporation is the 9th largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in the world by production volume headquartered in Hamamatsu, Japan. It specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles, the full range of motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a many other small internal combustion engines. It has 35 main production facilities in 23 countries and 133 distributors in 192 countries 4.I. Maruti Suzuki Origins Growth Story Maruti Suzuki India Limited ( Based in Gurgaon) is Suzukis biggest subsidiary and has a yearly production of 626,071 units ( as on 2006). Suzuki has a majority stake (54.2% ) in the Indian auto giant with the remaining owned by the various Indian public and financial institutions. It is a joint venture in the name of Maruti-Suzuki incorporated in 1981 and listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India. The company had a 54% market share of the passenger car market in India in 2005-2006. Suzuki in its desire to penetrate the Indian passenger car market initially became a minor partner with the Indian Government as hence the joint venture Maruti Suzuki was born as a Government of India company, with Suzuki as a minor partner. The clear objective was to make a peoples car for the humongous middle class India. Suzuki in the 1980s already had major share in the wheeler segment and was looking to penetrate the Indian 4 wheeler segment. The socio- political situation in India existing at that point in time made the Indian Government scout for a foreign collaborator for the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhis pet project to produce a â€Å"Peoples Car†. A group of Indian technocrats was given the role to source out a collaborator for this project. Toyota, Nissan and Honda the market leaders were all considered but Suzuki won the bid due to the persistence of Osamu Suzuki the CEO Chairman of Suzuki. The Joint venture was so successful that it prompted Suzuki to incr ease its equity participation from 25% to the current 54.2% thereby becoming the controlling parent company. There have been other subsidiaries in India:- SUZUKI POWERTRAIN INDIA LIMITED: Produces engines for cars SUZUKI MOTORCYCLE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED: Produces Two Wheelers under brand name Suzuki. The first car was introduced in to India in 1898. Though imports of completely assembled cars were a recurring phenomenon in India, the local assembly of cars was missing until 1928. As a part of its internationalization plan, General Motors already had an assembly plant in Bombay in 1928 to reassemble cars and trucks using completed knocked down (c.k.d) kits sourced directly from USA. Ford Motor Company established also took the lead and rapidly established assembly plants in Madras in 1930 and Calcutta in 1931. However, full sledged manufacture of cars really started in 1942 with the Birla Group establishing Hindustan Motors Limited in Calcutta and the Walchand Group establishing Premier Automobiles Limited in Bombay. In the wake of these developments, the Standard Motor Products Limited was established to manufacture automobiles in Madras in the year 1948. However in 1947, as the British rule in India was heading towards an end, the Government of British India created a Panel on Automobiles and Tractors to recommend a framework for establishing manufacturing facilities in the country. The outcome of the panels study was its recommendation to encourage transport industry in India for her economic development. Due to the economic situation prevalent at that time, the Government of India viewed passenger cars as ostentatious and saw no real need to assign priority level to this industry. Nonetheless, the government did see merit in encouraging private investment in domestic manufacturing of passenger cars. The natural fallout of this thinking resulted in the government passing an ordinance that if the foreign players didnt have any significant plans in manufacturing cars locally then they should exit India within a span of three years. This effectively terminated the Indian relationship with General Motors and Ford Motors and they stopped their operations. A point to be noted here is that internationalization should always be integrated with the existing government thinking and policies, a hostile government will generally not allow foreign players to effectively run their operations, as we have seen in the case of General Motors and Ford Motors. With the exit of General Motors and Ford Motors, the car industry in India had just two main players: Hindustan Motors manufacturing under the brand name â€Å"Ambassador† and Premier Automobiles manufacturing under the brand name â€Å"Fiat†. However, the cars produced remained the exclusive purchases of the rich and famous and most people couldnt afford to buy them. The quality of these cars was poor by international standards which further erected barriers in purchases. This resulted in a poor offtake and low volume providing little motivation for the other entrepreneurs in the automobile industry for the next thirty years and this industry grew at a really slow pace during these years. As mentioned earlier it was not until the sixties that the government felt a need to produce small passenger cars. Sanjay Gandhi, the son of the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi was entrusted with the responsibility of manufacturing small passenger cars and he started a company called Maruti Limited to do realize government ambitions. However by 1977, the company was liquidated prompting the Government of India by an Act of the Parliament to acquire Maruti Limited and rename it to Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL). MUL became a public sector company fully owned by the Government of India. The political interest in the success of the project was great and a lot rode of the success of the newly reconstituted MUL. An optimistic production target for MUL was set at manufacturing 100,000 small passenger economy cars in a period of five years which required it to have the best technical team. The management of MUL started looking for a foreign collaborator that had the potential to sat isfy its needs of providing a low cost fuel-efficient car engine of below 1000cc. 11 large established automobile companies from UK, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan were considered and invited to be partners. Most foreign partners however seemed highly cautious with the proposed joint venture. It seemed that Mitsubishi Motors of Japan was to be the likely winner in the race to partner the Indian Government. Surprisingly however Suzuki Motors was chosen amongst several of its more illustrious peers because of its attractive offer and high speed of working. The agreement finalized on October 2, 1982 formed the basic bedrock for the introduction of Suzuki and its long term successful partnership with the Indian Government. 4.II. Internationalization Strategy Osamu Suzukis vision was central in Suzuki Motors bid to enter India. His commitment to the cause made managers from MUL comfortable discussing issues with Osamu Suzuki. The real reason for MUL selecting Suzuki was because of the quickness of making decisions. Clearly, Suzuki was more committed to the cause compared to Mitsubishi Motors which was mired in the bureaucracy of its working. Osamu Suzuki was quick to realize that the current demand for 50,000 cars per year was due to a poor product and inefficient manufacturing standards of Hindustan Motors and Premier Automobile. The real demand assessed by his team was pegged at least 2, 00,000 a year. This assessment was despite of the fact that in Japan at this time, Suzuki Motors was producing lesser cars (Greater than 800cc) than the target outlined by the government of India. It clearly took a calculated risk despite knowledge that it didnt have a demonstrated competency in producing cars above 800cc. According to the terms of the agreement equity participation was the chief form of involvement. Suzuki agreed on a lower equity participation because it felt that India was under-served and also because of its desire to invest in the country which had the worlds second largest population. Equity participation with Government of India has always been the chief internationalization strategy followed by Suzuki insofar as it relates to India. In many countries, Automobile is a regulated industry and FDI norms do not permit a foreign company to directly setup manufacturing facilities unless partnered with a local company. Many other bidders, barring Suzuki of course declined the lucrative joint venture due to this policy of the Government of India. They wanted to setup a directly controlled subsidiary and refused any equity participation with the Indian government. However, Suzuki Motors Company agreed to 26% shareholding in MUL in 1982 relinquishing its right to directly control the operations of the company. It gradually increased its equity stake after about six years to 40% in 1989 and then to 50% in 1992. It currently holds 54.2% and directly controls MUL as on date. This has been only possible due to gradually increasing its relationship and understanding of the Indi an market further reiterating the Uppsala model of psychic distance as a possible explanation of internationalization strategy. Celarly, here the initial production facilities were owned by the government of india, Suzuki has managed through equity pariticipation have a controlling stake in which was primarily a Government Owned enteprise. No company in the automobile segment has influenced the Indian Passenger Car market as much as Suzuki has done. Again, this bears a striking resemblence to the amount of time taken to internationalize. Clearly, since its genesis in 1983 it has taken roughly 25 years for Suzuki to become a an established major player in the Indian Sub-Continent, the same amount that was taken by Essel Propack. 5) Conclusion. The Internationalisation process has been a matter of scrutiny since the early days of international business (Aharoni, 1966; Root, 1987; Berkema and Drogendijk, 2007). Internationalisation is clearly a topic which lies at the heart of the international business field. Many questions in international business research emerge as a result of the interplay between the firm and the different locations (Hutzschenreuter et al., 2007). There are two major threads to internationalisation namely, the stages approach ( emodied in the uppsala model) and the born global approach. Firms face obvious disadvantages in competing with local firms in foreign markets and therefore here , internationalisation is all about surmounting inherent disadvantages that foreignness brings with it (Hymer, 1960, 1968; Hutzschenreuter et al., 2007). We saw clearly that Essel Propack needed to compete with the local pakaging suppliers and its primary intent was to surmounting this very barrier. Hence, it opted to ha ve an acquistion strategy where local manufacturers are acquired instead of directly setting up subsidiaries. As mentioned earlier, the Uppasala model (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977, 1990) suggests that companies internationalise in small, incremental steps and the internationalisation of the firm should be interpreted as a sequential learning curve. (Cyert and March, 1963; Barkema and Drogendijk, 2007; Hutzschenreuter et al., 2007). International expansion for many companies is limited due to the lack of knowledge about markets. Such knowledge can only be acquired through experience from operations abroad (Forsgen and Johanson, 1992). We saw in the case of Suzuki that partnering with the Government of India was the only option available if it had to penetrate the Indian Passenger Car market. In terms of the Uppsala model both India and Japan are also culturally close and have a lot in common. The success of the JV is a testament to this. The â€Å"foreign† perception and lack of information were the major reasons for organizations to follow traditional forms of internationalisation. However, future research can also focus on the â€Å"born global† framework where global firms go to international markets soon after their operations and that too at a fast pace(McKinsey, 1993; Rasmussen and Madsen, 2002). 6) References 70 years of Suzuki Motors Corporation, Suzuki Motors Corporation, Japan, 1990 Annual Report 1998-99, Maruti Udyog Limited, India Aharoni, Y. (1966), The Foreign Direct Investment Decision Process, Harvard University Press, Boston, MA. Athreye Suma Kapur Sandeep (1999) Foreign Controlled Manufacturing Firms in India Long-Term Trends Economic and Political Weekly, November 27, 1999 Barkema, H.G. and Drogendijk, R. (2007), ‘‘Internationalizing in small, incremental or larger steps?, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, pp. 1132-48. Chaterjee, Bhaskar (1990) Japanese Management Maruti and the Indian Experience Companies, 2nd International Conference of Association ofInternational Business-India Chapter, Loyola College, Chennai, Jan 14-16. Cyert, R.M. and March, J.G. (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Blackwell Business, Cambridge, MA. Data Base Select Report, Research Institute of Economic and Business, Kobe University, Japan Encamation, Dennis (1 989) Dislodging Multinationals, Indias Strategy in Comparative Perspective, Cornell University Press. FDI from Japan to India, http://www.mof.gojp/english/elc008.htmMarch, 2000 Foreign Direct Investment approved by the Government of India, 1990-2000, Indian Investment Center, Government of India. History: Suzuki Motors, 1909-2001, http://www.suzuki.co.jp/cpd/kobe_e/6-l.htmJanuary. 2000 Forsgen, M. and Johanson, J. (1992), ‘‘Managing in international multi-centre firms, in Forsgen, Hutzschenreuter, T., Pedersen, T. and Volberda, H.W. (2007), ‘‘The role of path dependency and managerial intentionality: a perspective on international business research, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, pp. 1055-68. Hymer, S. (1960), ‘‘The international operations of national firms: a study of direct investments, Hymer, S. (1968), ‘‘La grande firme internattionale, Revue Economique, Vol. 14 No. 6, pp. 949-73. 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(2002), ‘‘The born global concept, 28th EIBA Conference, Denmark. available at: www.aueb.gr/deos/EIBA2002.files/PAPERS/S4.pdf (accessed 23 March 2008). Records of the History ofJapanese Management and Japanese companies, Overseas Companies and Managers, 1979 Reserve Bank ofIndia, http://www.rbi.org.in January, 2000 Root, F.R. (1987), Entry Strategies for International Markets, Heath, Lexington. Sharma Kishore (2000), Export Growth in India, Has FDI Played a Role? Discussion Paper, Yale University, Economic Growth Center, http://www . econ. yale. eduz-cgccntor/ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002), Globalization and its Discontents, Allen Lane The Penguin Press, London Suzuki Motor Corporation, Report to the Government of Japan, 1983 2000 Tomlinson B.R. (1989) British Business in India, 1860-1970 in Davenport-Hines, R.P.T. and Ge offrey Jones (eds.), British Business in Asia since 1860, Cambridge University Press, New York Venkataramani, Raja (1990) Japan enters Indian Industry: the Maruti-Suzukijoint venture, New Delhi: Radiant Publication To Kill A Mockingbird: Historical Accuracy To Kill A Mockingbird: Historical Accuracy To Kill a Mockingbird is based off the novel written by Harper Lee of the same title, telling the story of a young girl Jean Louis Finch and her brother Jem growing up in Alabama during the Great Depression. To Kill a Mockingbird is a fictional story about a young girl, Jean Louis Finch (Scout), and her brother, Jem, growing up in Depression-era Alabama. The film centers on the trial of a young black man accused of raping a young white woman. The film was released in 1962 and directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay, written by Horton Foote, is greatly based on the novel of the same name by Harper Lee. It stars Gregory Peck, Mary Badham, Phillip Alford, Robert Duvall, and Brock Peters. To Kill a Mockingbird won three academy awards for best actor, best screenplay, and best director, and it was nominated for five others. The 1930s Depression and the complex racial relations within the South form the historical context of To Kill a Mockingbird. To Kill a Mockingbird seeks to portray the racial injustices and prejudices against African Americans in the South, while also making a statement about civil rights issues that were occurring when the film was released. The film is greatly autobiographical of the novels author, Harper Lee, and is a study of small town life in the South. The trial of Tom Robinson in the film is reflective of the Scottsboro Trials of the 1930s and the Emmett Till Trials of the 1950s. Also, as Lee was writing the novel the Brown v. Board of Education decision had just been reached and many events in the Civil Rights movement had taken place. Rosa Parks had stirred events leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Authenine Lucy had entered the all white University of Alabama. The racial tensions leading to these events are reflected in the plot and themes of To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel and film of To Kill a Mockingbird are largely an autobiographical account of Harper Lees life. Lee has denied that the story has autobiographical elements, claiming an author only writes what she knows, but the similarities between Lees life, and Scouts life are unmistakable. The novel is set in Maycomb, Alabama, a town resembling Lees hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. Like Maycomb, Monroeville was a world surrounded by racism and occasionally violence. Her childhood and the current events of the 1950s inspired Lee to write To Kill a Mockingbird. Like Scout, Lees father, A.C. Lee, was the inspiration for Atticus Finch. Like Atticus, Lee was a quiet, respected lawyer in a small town, and a member of the state legislature . Lees father had defended two blacks accused of murdering a Monroeville merchant, but the two men were found guilty and hanged . Lees mothers maiden name was Finch, which Lee directly honors by giving the main family in the film and novel the name of Finch. An important part of Lees extended family was lifelong friend, Truman Capote. Lee has admitted that Capote was the inspiration for the character of Dill Harris. Lee herself was known as a rough n tough tomboy much as Scout is portrayed. Through the use of setting, Mulligan was able to accurately portray the South in the 1930s at the height of the Depression. Maycomb, Alabama, was a tired old town in the 30s There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with. But it was a time of vague optimism. Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself. During the Depression, over farming had exhausted the soil, and tenement farming worsened the conditions. These worsened soil conditions and falling cotton process drastically effected economic situations for most blacks and whites in the South. Those with professions in towns were also affected, because, as Atticus explains in the beginning of the film, the farmers cannot afford the services of those with skilled professions in town. Almost everybody was poor. The film accurately portrays the social system of the Depression era South. There was a definite caste system in the rural South. The South had a stubborn will to hold onto its traditions of the past. The social hierarchy in society must be maintained. The film acutely attacks racism and the fear of sexual taboos in its portrayal of the justice system. It is made unmistakably plain that as a black man, Tom Robinson will not receive a fair trial. The film accurately depicts locals forming a lynch mob because they feel there is no need to even try Robinson. The film also accurately shows that racial relations were complicated on many levels in southern society. Any sexual reference between a black man and a white woman was considered a very serious offence by many whites and blacks. The set racial boundaries that had been established could not be broken . In the trial scene Atticus determines that Mayella Ewell was attracted to Tom Robinson. This caused an outrage within the courtroom because social norms held that a white woman could never be attracted to a white man. Therefore, even the suggestion that Tom Robinson had relations with Mayella Ewell causes severe prejudice against Tom in the town. . The town was not necessarily afraid of Tom Robinson, but of breaking the social norm that held a white woman could never be attracted to a white man. Therefore, Tom Robinson was guilty as soon as he was accused. An incident of lynching through mob violence was a plausible reality in the 1930s. During the depression there was a resentment of black laborers with financial freedom, such as Tom Robinson. As economic situations worsened in the South, this resentment grew. During the height of the Depression, the number of lynchings grew in direct proportion to the decrease in the economic stability of the South . There are several instances in the 1930s when black men were killed before they were put on trial. For example, in 1931 a man in Birmingham, Alabama accused of rape was an invalid and not able to commit the crime. The accusers brother however, shot the man and was never arrested for murder . The film accurately shows the small town ethics that governed people in the South in the 1930s. The idealized public society must be upheld, at the risk of rejecting the law. If the social order was ever disrupted, men felt they were obligated to use force to preserve the social norms imbedded in soc iety . To Kill a Mockingbird was written at the peak of the Civil Rights Movement. The film was released in the early 1960s. Throughout the 1950s Alabama had had many tumultuous events dealing with race occur within its borders. The Brown v. Board of Education decision began to govern race relations in the South, but often with violent opposition. The Brown decision negated the separate but equal philosophy of Plessy v. Ferguson. This philosophy had been the ruling basis of segregated Southern society since the Civil War. Brown represented the many southerners fear of racial mixing and complete social equality . These fears led to violent reactions. Tom Bradys Black Monday in which he claimed blacks would be a threat to the loveliest and the purest of Gods creaturesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the well-bred, cultured Southern white woman, shows the dominant ideology in the South following the Brown decision. This ideology is directly portrayed negatively in the film, as Tom Robinson is accused of soili ng the purity of white Mayella Ewell. The Brown decision was still an issue when the film was released, and Mulligan is attempting to show the faults of such an ideology. At the same time as Brown v. Board of Education, Dr. Martin Luther King had been leading civil rights demonstrations, and African American students had staged sit-ins at lunch counters all over the South. Just months before Harper Lee began writing the novel, two major events altered the course of the Civil Rights movement. In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the bus segregation ordinance, and soon after, the Montgomery bus boycott began. Then two black women, Authenine Lucy and Pollie Ann Myers had their admission rescinded from the University of Alabama when the University found out their race. Authenine Lucy sued the school and won admission. She was the first black woman to enter a southern, public university that previously been only white. However, she was severely persecuted and often mobbed . The story was covered nationally and had great emphasis placed on the importance of desegregation of universities. Lee, herself, had attended the University of Alabama a few y ears before Lucy was admitted. The trial in the film mirrors actual trials that occurred in the 1930s and the 1950s: the 1931 Scottsboro case and the 1955 Emmett Case. The Scottsboro Case became a national event of either outrage or celebration. It brought the issues of lynching laws and racial justice to a very international lever, as other countries followed the story. The Emmett Case was probably the most widely publicized trial of the century and the first great media event of the civil rights movement . The Emmett Case had great significance in the South, because it occurred very soon after the Brown v. Board of Education decision. Some white southerners were looking for excuses to persecute African Americans, and the Emmett Case brought this issue to the forefront of current events. To Kill a Mockingbird makes a blatant statement about the currents events that had recently occurred and were continuing to occur in the country. The character of Atticus Finch is a representation of the beliefs that many white Americans needed to strive for in the South. Many critics have equated Atticus to the Abe Lincoln of Alabama. Atticus believed Tom Robinson, and disbelieved Mayella Ewell, a white woman. This was a bold statement not only in the 1930s Alabama, but also in the 1960s. Social norms always accepted a white womans word as truth, and a black mans word as mistrustful . Mulligan was showing that justice should not be determined by a persons race, but by the actual facts surrounding an event. The audience that first saw this film would have understood the implications presented in the film. The film centers on the trial scene in which Atticus gives a strong lesson of not only justice, but also what constitutes humanity. The focus of the movie is on right and wrong. Mulligan was making a deliberate statement. By placing the events in the 1930s, To Kill a Mockingbird is set in time when the beliefs of men ruled their actions in defiance of the laws they professed they believed. African Americans had very few rights, and the novel and film were purposefully set before desegregation and the civil rights movement. The film seeks to show that the Supreme Court should not be needed to prove that a person of a different race is not better or worse than a person of another race. To Kill a Mockingbird is a fictional story that portrays many realities of racism in Southern life in the 1930s. The film is relating the events of the 1930s to the civil rights movement and current events of the 1950s and 1960s. The history in the film is based on Harper Lees observations growing up in a small town in Alabama, as well as events that had recently occurred within the United States right before the film was being made. The history in To Kill a Mockingbird is therefore not literally but symbolically true The film does not seek to show every historical detail of the 1930s, but shows the implications of social norms and the repercussions of these norms. The events shown in the film are subjective versions of many events of the 1930s through the 1960s that show the need for complete social equality.